Inspired by texts by Polish poets contemporary to Chopin, improvised ?with the book of poetry in front of him? at emgirants' meetings, unfinished, some noted only in sketch form, never pblished during the composer's lifetime, though some instantly gained huge popularity in the form of reductions. In Chopin's creative output they hold a marginal position, among Polish songs ? they are outstanding. These works were edited by by I. J. Paderewski, L. Bronarski and J. Turczy?ski.