Giuseppe Verdi's Il Trovatore was based on a play by Gutierrez adapted by Salvtor Cammerano. Although the critics may complain about its lack of subtlety - it is filled with exactly the kinds of twists and unlikely coincidences that form the modern jokey stereotype of opera - 'Il Trovatore' will always be an audience favorite because of its wealth of great music. Verdi was stirred to the height of his inspiration by this work and from its premiere it was an even greater success than its predecessor 'Rigoletto'. The importance of Verdi's 'Il Trovatore' lies in its music; it displays some of the most ingratiating and beautiful melodies he ever wrote. This edition ofthe Vocal Score is in Italian with an English translation by Natasha McFarren and an essay by E. Irenaeus Stevenson.

5-act restauration with notations for an alternative 4-act version-Don Carlos which debuted in 1867 ranks among the composer's most complex and challenging works. Based on the verse play by Schiller about tragic love and intrigue at the court of Philip II of Spain the opera features a rich assortment of memorable characters and dramatic situations. Verdi revised the work twice incorporating his changing musical ideas into a thoroughly revised Italian translation of the five act work with optional cuts for a four-act version. This new edition is of the final version reprinted from the authoritative G.Ricordi edition.

The libretto for Giuseppe Verdi's 'Rigoletto' was adapted by Francesco Maria Piave from Victor Hugo's play Le roi s'amuse which was so controversial it had been banned in Paris after one performance. Le roi here isthe Duke a renowned womaniser who seduces ladies as their husbands are taunted by his hunchback jester Rigoletto. An elderly nobleman Monterone curses them both for seducing his daughter and Ceprano whose wife has been withthe Duke plots with the courtiers to punish him.Rigoletto is suspected of keeping a mistress so while Rigoletto is out the Duke slips into his house and finding Rigolettoâ??s daughter Gilda he proffers his love to herand she is smitten. After he leaves the courtiers break in and carry off Gilda to the Dukeâ??s bedchamber. Soon Rigoletto enters and realises the mistake just in time as the dishevelled Gilda runs in. As Monterone is led to thedungeon Rigoletto vows to avenge them both. Rigoletto pays the assassin Sparafucile to murder the Duke as his sister Maddalena flirts with him. However Maddalena persuades her brother to kill not the Duke but the nextvisitor to the inn instead so overhearing and resolving to sacrifice herself for the Duke Gilda enters the inn and is stabbed. Rigoletto finds Gilda dying and begging forgiveness: Monterone's curse is fulfilled.This isthe Schirmer edition of the Libretto in the original Italian with an English version by Ruth and Thomas Martin.

Ed. Critica F. Della Seta - Partitura e Commento Critico Inglese. Par VERDI GIUSEPPE. A Cura Di Fabrizio Della Seta/ Répertoire / Oeuvres Théâtrales/Oratorios et Ballets

Ed. Tradizionale - Full Score. Par VERDI GIUSEPPE. / Répertoire / Oeuvres Théâtrales/Oratorios et Ballets

Libretto-Written in 1862 La Forza Del Destino was written after a two-year gap in Verdi's composing. The work was comissioned in late 1860 by the Imperial Theater of St. Petersburg and is now regarded by many as Verdi's mostextensive and dramatically intricate opera. This Libretto is the revised version which Verdi worked on with Antonio Ghislanzoni. It premiered at La Scala Milan on February 27 1869 and has a different ending to Piave'soriginal story. English translation by Ruth and Thomas Martin.

Poul Ruders' opera Tycho in 3 Acts was premiered May 15 1987 by Aarhus Symphony Orchestra and Kaare Hansen (conductor) at Helsingør Theater in Aarhus Denmark. Libretto in Danish by Henrik Bjelke. Vocal score: WH31457C Synopsis: In 1597 the famous Danish astronomer and astrologist the nobleman Tycho Brahe flees his castle cum observatory Uraniburg on one of the small islands off the Danish coast. The newly coronated King Christian the Fourth has a grudge against Tycho who in 1572 discovered a new star Stella Nova by using his naked eye only; the telescopewasn’t invented yet. This discovery gained Tycho tremendous fame among his contemporaries within the European scientific circles. The now weakened and embittered old man moves together with his wife Christina whom he raped when she was an adolescent and Jeppe the Dwarf his fool-servant whose life Tycho once saved to the plague-infested city of Prague. There at the Benatky Castle Tycho encounters the main reason for his departure from Denmark: the young German mathematician Johannes Kepler the only scientist among his contemporaries Tycho acknowledges - Tycho is in severe need of intelligent challenge. Which he gets and with a disastrous result for himself. The encouraging encounter with Kepler turns into Tycho's scientific and earthly death verdict. Slowly Tycho realizes that his own conception of the Earth as the indisputable axes of the Universe is shattered by Kepler s theory about Earth encircling the stationary Sun. The ancient picture of the Universe collapses Tycho feels deceived by Kepler who leaves the castle shaken by Tycho's wrath. But they meet again and reunite in a Romanza a Due at Tycho’s death bed. The opera hovers above immense sadness and extreme ridicule - the cast is most peculiar indeed - so in many ways 'TYCHO' may be described at the best as a'Tragic Operetta'