Trombone and Piano - easy SKU: BT.AMP-304-400 Arranged by Philip Sparke. ...(+)
Trombone and Piano - easy
SKU:
BT.AMP-304-400
Arranged by Philip
Sparke. Anglo Music
Play-Along Series.
Classical. Book with CD.
Composed 2013. 16 pages.
Anglo Music Press #AMP
304-400. Published by
Anglo Music Press
(BT.AMP-304-400).
ISBN
9789043138116. 9x12
inches.
English-German-French-Dut
ch.
Part of the
Anglo Music Play-along
Series, Philip
Sparke??s 15 Easy
Classical Solos is
aimed at the young
instrumentalist who can
play just over an octave.
Specifically tailored to
suit the individual
instrument, this book
introduces the beginning
player to the world of
the classics by using
simple yet attractive
melodies that fit their
limited range. The
carefully selected pieces
include music from the
16th to the 20th century
and cover a wide variety
of styles, from Bach to
Grieg and from Purcell to
Satie. This book will
provide invaluable
additional material to
complement any teaching
method and includes both
piano accompaniment and a
demo/play-along
CD.
Philip
Sparke??s 15 Easy
Classical Solos,
onderdeel van de Anglo
Music Play-Along
Series, is bedoeld
voor de jonge
instrumentalist die iets
meer dan een octaaf kan
spelen. Het boek sluit
qua instrumentaal bereik
en gebruikte
toonsoortenaan bij het
Artist Level van Hal
Leonards Essential
Elements ®, maar kan
ook los daarvan worden
gebruikt.De zorgvuldig
geselecteerde melodieën,
die specifiek zijn
toegesneden op elk
instrument, beslaan een
breed scala van klassieke
stijlen:van Bach tot
Grieg en van Purcell tot
Satie.Het boek bevat
waardevol materiaal ter
aanvulling op elke
lesmethode en wordt
geleverd met
pianobegeleiding en een
cd met demo- en
meespeeltracks.
15 Easy Classical
Solos ist als
Ergänzung zur bewährten
Anglo Music
Play-Along Reihe
gedacht und richtet sich
an Schüler, die
ungefähr einen Tonumfang
von einer Oktave
beherrschen. Das Niveau
entspricht dem des Artist
Levels der Essential
Elements ® Methode
von Hal Leonard, kann
aber auch unabhängig
davon verwendet werden.
Genau auf jedes
Instrument zugeschnitten,
ermöglicht die
wohlüberlegte
Stückeauswahl ein erstes
Kennenlernen von Melodien
aus verschiedenen Epochen
der Klassik von Grieg
über Purcell bis Satie.
Jeder Band bietet
wertvolles
Ergänzungsmaterial, das
zu jeder
Instrumentalschule passt
und enthält sowohl
Klavier- als auch
CD-Begleitungen.
<
I>15 Easy Classical
Solos, de Philip
Sparke, est un ouvrage
qui s??adresse aux
jeunes musiciens,
maîtrisant un peu plus
d??une octave. 15
Easy Classical Solos
a été conçu pour être
joué en corrélation
avec les séries Artist
et/ou Master Level de la
collection Essential
Elements ®, publiée
par les éditions Hal
Leonard. Mais il peut
également être utilisé
indépendamment.Spécifiq
uement adapté chaque
instrument, ce volume
rassemble quinze
mélodies écrites par
des compositeurs aussi
variés que Bach,
Purcell, Grieg et
Satie.Comprenant les
parties
d??accompagnement de
piano et une version
d??accompagnement sur
compact disc, ces
ouvrages représentent
une sourcecomplémentaire
inestimable toute
méthode pédagogique.
Il concetto della
collana Anglo Music
Play-Along Series è
quello di integrare al
più presto nel processo
di apprendimento dei
giovani strumentisti la
possibilit di poter
suonare accompagnati al
piano o con l??ausilio
di un??incisione su CD.
Ilchiaro vantaggio di
questo metodo è che gli
allievi imparano da
subito l??aspetto
fondamentale del suonare
insieme, vale a dire
tenere il tempo in modo
costante. 15 Easy
Classical Solos
consente agli allievi che
hanno una conoscenza
limitatadelle note di
suonare brani di Bach,
Schubert, Purcell, Grieg
e altri, grazie alle
versioni facilitate. Il
livello di 15
Intermediate Classical
Solos permette invece
agli allievi che
padroneggiano
l??estensione superiore
a un??ottava
dicimentarsi nei ??primi
concerti? con brani di
Haendel, Clementi,
Rameau, Glueck, Beethoven
e altri. Il CD propone
una traccia con
l??incisione completa e
una con il solo
accompagnamento.
Trombone and Piano - intermediate SKU: BT.AMP-387-400 Trombone and Pia...(+)
Trombone and Piano -
intermediate
SKU:
BT.AMP-387-400
Trombone and
Piano. Arranged by
Philip Sparke. Anglo
Music Play-Along Series.
Classical. Book with CD.
Composed 2014. 16 pages.
Anglo Music Press #AMP
387-400. Published by
Anglo Music Press
(BT.AMP-387-400).
ISBN
9789043135856. 9x12
inches.
English-German-French-Dut
ch.
Part of the
ANGLO MUSIC PLAY-ALONG
Series, Philip Sparkes 15
INTERMEDIATE CLASSICAL
SOLOS is aimed at the
young instrumentalist who
can play about an octave
and a half and follows on
from Sparkes 15 EASY
CLASSICAL SOLOS.
Specifically tailored to
suitthe individual
instrument, this book
introduces the developing
player to the world of
the classics by using
simple yet attractive
melodies that fit their
limited range.
The
carefully selected pieces
include music from the
17th to the 19th century
and cover a wide variety
of styles, from Handel to
Tchaikovsky and from
Clementi to
Brahms.
The book
will provide invaluable
additional material to
complement any teaching
method and includes both
piano accompaniment and a
demo/play-along
CD.
Philip
Sparke??s 15
Intermediate Classical
Solos, onderdeel van
de Anglo Music
Play-Along Series, is
bedoeld voor de jonge
instrumentalist die
ongeveer anderhalf octaaf
kan spelen. Het boek is
een vervolg op Sparke??s
15 EasyClassical
Solos en het sluit
qua instrumentaal bereik
en gebruikte toonsoorten
aan bij het Expert Level
van Hal Leonards
Essential Elements
®, maar het kan ook
los daarvan worden
gebruikt.De zorgvuldig
geselecteerde melodieën,
diespecifiek zijn
toegesneden op elk
instrument, beslaan een
breed scala van klassieke
stijlen: van Handel tot
Tsjaikovski en van
Clementi tot Brahms.Het
boek bevat waardevol
materiaal ter aanvulling
op elke lesmethode en
wordt geleverd
metpianobegeleiding en
een cd met demo- en
meespeeltracks.
15
INTERMEDIATE CLASSICAL
SOLOS ist als Ergänzung
zur bewährten ANGLO
MUSIC PLAY-ALONG Reihe
gedacht und richtet sich
an Schüler, die
ungefähr einen Tonumfang
von eineinhalb Oktaven
beherrschen. Es schlie?t
an Sparkes 15 EASY
CLASSICAL SOLOS an
undentspricht dem Niveau
des Expert Levels der
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
Methode von Hal Leonard,
kann aber auch
unabhängig davon
verwendet werden.
Genau auf jedes
Instrument zugeschnitten,
ermöglichen die
sorgfältig ausgewählten
Melodien noch mehr
Spielerfahrung mit
klassischer Musik. Die
Stücke umfassen
verschiedene
Stilrichtungen und
Komponisten wie z.B.
Händel, Tschaikowsky,
Clementi undBrahms.
Jeder Band bietet
wertvolles
Ergänzungsmaterial, das
zu jeder
Instrumentalschule passt
und enthält sowohl
Klavier- als auch
CD-Begleitungen.
<
br>15 Intermediate
Classical Solos, de
Philip Sparke, est un
ouvrage qui s??adresse
aux jeunes musiciens,
maîtrisant un peu plus
d??une octave et demie.
Il fait suite au recueil
15 Easy Classical
Solos, et a été
conçu pour être joué
en corrélation avec la
série Expert Level de la
collection Essential
Elements ®, publiée
par les éditions Hal
Leonard. Mais il peut
également être utilisé
indépendamment.Spécifiq
uement adapté chaque
instrument, ce volume
rassemble quinze
mélodies écrites par
des compositeurs aussi
variés que Hændel, Tcha
kovski, Clémenti et
Brahms.Comprenant les
parties
d??accompagnement de
piano et une version
d??accompagnement sur
compactdisc, ces ouvrages
représentent une source
complémentaire
inestimable toute
méthode pédagogique.
Part of the
Anglo Music Play-along
Series, Philip
Sparke??s 15
Intermediate Classical
Solos is aimed at the
young instrumentalist who
can play about an octave
and a half and follows on
from Sparke??s 15
Easy Classical
Solos.Specifically
tailored to suit the
individual instrument,
this book introduces the
developing player to the
world of the classics by
using simple yet
attractive melodies that
fit their limited range.
The carefully selected
pieces include music
fromthe 17th to the 19th
century and cover a wide
variety of styles, from
Handel to Tchaikovsky and
from Clementi to
Brahms.The book will
provide invaluable
additional material to
complement any teaching
method and includes both
piano accompaniment and
ademo/play-along CD.
Trombone and Piano - easy SKU: BT.AMP-413-400 Arranged by Philip Sparke. ...(+)
Trombone and Piano - easy
SKU:
BT.AMP-413-400
Arranged by Philip
Sparke. Anglo Music
Play-Along Series. Book
with CD. Composed 2015.
40 pages. Anglo Music
Press #AMP 413-400.
Published by Anglo Music
Press (BT.AMP-413-400).
ISBN 9789043148559.
English-German-French-Dut
ch.
Part of the
Anglo Music Play-Along
Series, Philip Sparke’s
15 Easy Christmas
Carols is aimed
at the young
instrumentalist who can
play just over an octave.
Specifically tailored to
suit the individual
instrument, this book
introducesthe beginning
player to the world’s
most popular Christmas
tunes by selecting simple
yet attractive melodies
that fit their limited
range. This book will
provide invaluable
additional material to
complement any teaching
method and includes both
pianoaccompaniment and a
demo/play-along
CD.
Philip Sparkes
15 Easy Christmas
Carols sind Teil
der Anglo Music
Play-Along Reihe und
richten sich an junge
Instrumentalisten, die
den Tonumfang von einer
Oktave beherrschen. Auf
jedes Instrument
zugeschnitten, führen
diese Ausgaben,für die
einfache und zugleich
ansprechende Melodien
ausgewählt wurden die
sich für diesen
begrenzten Tonumfang
eignen, den Anfänger an
die weltweit beliebtesten
Weihnachtslieder heran.
Dieser Band bietet
wertvolles
Ergänzungsmaterial, das
zu
jederInstrumentalschule
passt und sowohl eine
Klavierbegleitung als
auch eine Play-Along-CD
enthält.
Faisant
partie de l’Anglo
Music Play-Along Series,
les 15 Easy
Christmas
Carols(15
chants de Noël
faciles) de Philip
Sparke visent les jeunes
instrumentistes qui
arrivent jouer un peu
plus d’une octave.
Adapté pourconvenir
chaque instrument
spécifique, ce recueil
introduit le joueur
débutant aux chants de
Noël les plus populaires
en sélectionnant des
mélodies simples les
plus intéressantes qui
correspondent leur
registre limité. Ce
recueil fournit
dumatériel
supplémentaire
indispensable qui
complète n’importe
quelle méthode
pédagogique et inclut un
accompagnement pour piano
ainsi qu’une version
sur CD avec démos.
By Franz Schubert. Arranged by Gordon Cherry. For Trombone and Piano. Romantic L...(+)
By Franz Schubert.
Arranged by Gordon
Cherry. For Trombone and
Piano. Romantic Lieder.
Level:
intermediate/advanced.
Full score and parts.
Published by Cherry
Classics.
The Really Easy Trombone Book (Very First Solos for Trombone with Piano Accompan...(+)
The Really Easy Trombone
Book (Very First Solos
for Trombone with Piano
Accompaniment). Arranged
by Alan Gout. For
Trombone and Piano. Book;
Brass - Trombone and
Baritone Method or
Collection;
Method/Instruction. Faber
Edition. Elementary.
Published by Faber Music
Four Serious Songs Trombone et Piano [Conducteur et Parties séparées] - Intermédiaire Cherry Classics
By Johannes Brahms. Arranged by Barnaby Kerekes. For Trombone and Piano. Romanti...(+)
By Johannes Brahms.
Arranged by Barnaby
Kerekes. For Trombone and
Piano. Romantic Solo,
Sacred. Level:
intermediate. Full score
and parts. Published by
Cherry Classics.
17 Solos, Duets and play-along CD on Christmas favorites. Arranged and edited by...(+)
17 Solos, Duets and
play-along CD on
Christmas favorites.
Arranged and edited by
Karen Khanagov. For
Trombone. play along. My
Very Best Christmas.
Christmas. Level:
Beginning. Book/CD Set.
Size 8.75x11.75. 88
pages. Published by Mel
Bay Publications, Inc.
Trombone & Piano SKU: AP.1-ADV3115 For Trombone and Piano. Compose...(+)
Trombone & Piano
SKU:
AP.1-ADV3115
For
Trombone and Piano.
Composed by Siegmund
Andraschek. Brass -
Trombone Solo; Solo; Solo
Small Ensembles. Advance
Music. Form: Dance.
Latin; Recital. Score and
Part(s). Advance Music
#01-ADV3115. Published by
Advance Music
(AP.1-ADV3115).
ISBN
9783892218616. UPC:
805095031157.
English.
The title
of the piece speaks for
itself. The composition
Tango lends itself to
being performed within
the framework of young
soloists' competitions
and can, in general, also
be used in exams. For
professional musicians,
it might be the ideal
complement to the second
set of their recital
program. The arrangement
at hand is suitable for
many different
instruments.
Trombone and Piano - moderately advanced SKU: CY.CC2654 Composed by Ludwi...(+)
Trombone and Piano -
moderately advanced
SKU: CY.CC2654
Composed by Ludwig van
Beethoven. Arranged by
Ralph Sauer. German
Romantic. Solo and Piano
accompaniment. Published
by Cherry Classics
(CY.CC2654).
--This work is
the third from a
collection of five short
pieces Beethoven wrote
for Flotenuhr or
mechanical clock,
discovered a number of
years after his death.
--Their true
origin was uncovered by
Professor Albert
Kopfermann, a German
musician/librarian, who
solved the mystery about
their
instrumentation.
--This delightful
Allegro movement has been
transposed into the key
of D from G and arranged
for moderately advanced
performers by Ralph
Sauer.
--Your
audience will love this
little gem as the clock
slows down and stops
before the final cadence.
It will make a great
encore piece.
Trombone and Piano - advanced SKU: CY.CC2827 Composed by Alexander Glazun...(+)
Trombone and Piano -
advanced
SKU:
CY.CC2827
Composed by
Alexander Glazunov.
Arranged by Ralph Sauer.
Russian 20th Century.
Solo part and
accompaniment. Published
by Cherry Classics
(CY.CC2827).
Young Glazunov
had the special
opportunity to meet Franz
Liszt in 1884 while on a
tour of Europe arranged
by his publisher. Liszt
was very impressed with
the young Glazunov and
arranged to have his 1st
Symphony performed in
Weimar. Upon hearing of
Liszt's death in 1886,
Glazunov wrote this
Elegie in his memory with
the subtitile Une Pensee
a Francois Liszt. The
music embodies emotions
of nostalgia, sweet
remembrance and grief.
This 8-minute jewel,
originally for Cello and
Piano has been
beautifully arranged for
Trombone by Ralph Sauer.
For advanced
performers.
Trombone SKU: HL.48185571 Composed by Galiegue M. Jerome. Leduc. Classica...(+)
Trombone
SKU:
HL.48185571
Composed
by Galiegue M. Jerome.
Leduc. Classical.
Softcover. 9 pages.
Alphonse Leduc #AL29232.
Published by Alphonse
Leduc (HL.48185571).
UPC: 888680854089.
9x12
inches.
“Both
Marcel Galiègue
and Jérôme
Naulais studied the
Trombone at the Paris
Conservatoire. Both
musicians have performed
in a large number of
concerts and recordings
and have taken part in
many international Master
Classes. Their
collaboration for Open
Air, therefore, makes for
a well-informed
compilation. As suggested
by the title, Open Air
focuses on breath
control. With a typical
performance lasting
around three minutes and
ten seconds, this
Trombone work is a
delightful, alternative
piece for young
trombonists. Open Air is
a delightful addition to
the intermediate Trombone
repertoire.&rdquo.
Edited by Peter Goodwin and Leslie Pearson. For Trombone and Piano. Book; Brass ...(+)
Edited by Peter Goodwin
and Leslie Pearson. For
Trombone and Piano. Book;
Brass - Trombone and
Baritone Method or
Collection;
Method/Instruction. Faber
Edition. Elementary;
Intermediate. Published
by Faber Music
Blue Shark Trombone et Piano - Facile FLEX Editions
Chamber Music & Piano Accompaniment 1 Trombone 1 Piano - Grade 2 SKU: FL.FX07...(+)
Chamber Music & Piano
Accompaniment 1 Trombone
1 Piano - Grade 2
SKU:
FL.FX072538
Composed
by Pascal Proust.
Original Composition.
Classical, Educational.
Score and Set of Parts.
FLEX Editions #FX072538.
Published by FLEX
Editions (FL.FX072538).
A nice blue
shark in calm waters for
exams or auditions of
young instrumentalists...
- Pascal PROUST ;
A perfect Piece
for exams or auditions -
for students playing
Trombone for 2 years
onwards ; Instruments: 1
Trombone 1 Piano;
Difficuly Level: Grade 2;
Duration: 2 mn 35 s;
Musical Style: Classical,
Educational; Category:
Original Composition;
Composer: Pascal
PROUST;.
Trombone & Piano - Advanced SKU: CY.CC2348 Composed by Gabriel Pierne. Ar...(+)
Trombone & Piano -
Advanced
SKU:
CY.CC2348
Composed by
Gabriel Pierne. Arranged
by Ralph Sauer. French.
Solo part and Piano.
Published by Cherry
Classics (CY.CC2348).
Gabriel Pierne
was a composer &
conductor who studied
with Franck and Massenet.
His music is typically in
the French style, having
charm, clear technique
and beauty of melodic
line. The Three Pieces
are titled:1. Serenade,
Opus 7; 2. Piece in F
minor; 3. March of the
Tin Soldiers. This suite
is suitable for advanced
performers and will add a
lovely charm to your
recital or concert. Mr.
Sauer has produced a
lovely suite made up of
exquisite gems from
Monsieur Piernes pen.
Trombone and piano - Intermediate SKU: YM.GPW01096595 Brass. Disney. Scor...(+)
Trombone and piano -
Intermediate
SKU:
YM.GPW01096595
Brass.
Disney. Score & part.
Yamaha Music Media
#GPW01096595. Published
by Yamaha Music Media
(YM.GPW01096595).
ISBN
9784636965957.
10
arrangements for solo
trombone and piano from
Disney cinemas. Lai
Zi Di Shi Ni Dian Ying De
10Shou Ge Qu .
1.
Mickey Mouse March; 2.
Someday My Prince Will
Come; 3. A Whole New
World; 4. Chim Chim
Cher-ee; 5. Beauty and
the Beast; 6. It's a
Small World; 7. Can You
Feel the Love Tonight; 8.
Heigh-Ho; 9. So This Is
Love; 10.
Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah 1.
Mi Lao Shu Jin Xing Qu ;
2. Zong You Yi Tian Wang
Zi Hui Chu Xian ; 3. Zhan
Xin De Shi Jie ; 4. Yan
Cong Zhi Ge ; 5. Mei Nu
Yu Ye Shou ; 6. Xiao Xiao
Shi Jie ; 7. Jin Ye Ai Wu
Xian ; 8. Hai Yo ; 9. Zhe
Jiu Shi Ai Qing ; 10.
Huan Le Zhi Ge.
Trombone and Piano - easy SKU: BT.DHP-1165691-401 Composed by Pascal Prou...(+)
Trombone and Piano - easy
SKU:
BT.DHP-1165691-401
Composed by Pascal
Proust. De Haske Brass
Series. Book Only.
Composed 2016. 8 pages.
De Haske Publications
#DHP 1165691-401.
Published by De Haske
Publications
(BT.DHP-1165691-401).
ISBN 9789043150033.
English-German-French-Dut
ch.
For young
trombone players:
impressive landscapes
illustrated by the rich
and majestic sound of the
trombone. The composer
Pascal Proust has many
years’ experience as a
musician and music
teacher. His output
includes several hundred
compositions forthe most
diverse instrumentations.
He wrote Fjords
for trombone players at
the level of
approximately one
year’s study and paid
special attention to an
easy-to-follow,
attractive musical style.
As a result,
Fjords is an
idealperformance or
competition work for
young
musicians.
Voor
jonge trombonisten:
indrukwekkende landelijke
taferelen ge llustreerd
door de rijke en
majestueuze klank van de
trombone. De componist
Pascal Proust kan bogen
op een jarenlange
ervaring als muzikant en
muziekdocent. Zijn oeuvre
omvat
honderdencomposities voor
de meest diverse
instrumentaties. Hij
schreef Fjords
voor trombonisten die
ongeveer een jaar les
hebben gehad, waarbij hij
speciaal aandacht heeft
besteed aan een makkelijk
te volgen, aantrekkelijke
muziekstijl. Daardoor
isFjords een
ideaal voordrachts- of
wedstrijdstuk voor jonge
muzikanten.
Für
sehr junge Posaunisten:
Atemberaubende
Landschaften werden durch
den vollen und
majestätischen Klang der
Posaune dargestellt. Der
Komponist Pascal Proust
kann aus seiner
langjährigen Erfahrung
als Musiker und
Musikpädagoge schöpfen;
sein Oeuvreumfasst
mehrere hundert
Kompositionen für
verschiedenste
Besetzungen. Er schrieb
Fjords für
Posaunisten mit ungefähr
einem Jahr
Unterrichtserfahrung und
legte besonderes
Augenmerk auf einen
leicht verständlichen,
attraktiven
musikalischenStil.
Dadurch eignet sich
Fjords ideal als
Vortrags- und
Wettbewerbsstück für
junge
Musiker.
Pour les
très jeunes trombonistes
: des paysages
vertigineux illustrés
par la sonorité ample et
majestueuse du trombone.
Le compositeur Pascal
Proust puise volonté
dans son immense
expérience de musicien
et professeur de musique
; son
catalogued’oeuvres
englobe plusieurs
centaines de compositions
pour divers instruments.
Il a notamment écrit
Fjords pour
trombonistes ayant
environ une année de
pratique, dans un style
musical accessible et
coloré. De ce fait,
Fjords est
lapièce idéale pour
tout examen ou audition
de jeunes musiciens.
Heroic Suite Trombone et Piano [Partie séparée] - Facile Eighth Note Publications
By Georg Philipp Telemann (1681 - 1767). Arranged by David Marlatt. For Trombone...(+)
By Georg Philipp Telemann
(1681 - 1767). Arranged
by David Marlatt. For
Trombone and Keyboard.
Brass - Trombone Solo.
Baroque. Level:
Easy-Medium. Duration
00:08:40. Published by
Eighth Note Publications.
Chamber Music & Piano Accompaniment 1 Trombone 1 Piano - Grade 2 SKU: FL.FX07...(+)
Chamber Music & Piano
Accompaniment 1 Trombone
1 Piano - Grade 2
SKU:
FL.FX072570
Composed
by Pascal Proust.
Original Composition.
Classical, Educational.
Score and Set of Parts.
FLEX Editions #FX072570.
Published by FLEX
Editions (FL.FX072570).
Some stories of
an old sailor, for young
instrumentalists - Pascal
PROUST ;
A Piece
for students from 2 years
of instrument practice ;
Instruments: 1 Trombone 1
Piano; Difficuly Level:
Grade 2; Duration: 1 mn
50 s; Musical Style:
Classical, Educational;
Category: Original
Composition; Composer:
Pascal PROUST;.
Petit Rhino Trombone et Piano - Débutant FLEX Editions
Chamber Music & Piano Accompaniment 1 Trombone 1 Piano - Grade 1 SKU: FL.FX07...(+)
Chamber Music & Piano
Accompaniment 1 Trombone
1 Piano - Grade 1
SKU:
FL.FX073480
Composed
by Pascal Proust.
Original Composition.
Classical, Educational.
Score and Set of Parts.
Duration 1 minute, 50
seconds. FLEX Editions
#FX073480. Published by
FLEX Editions
(FL.FX073480).
The walk of a
friendly little animal,
for young musicians at
the end of their first
year of learning. -
Pascal PROUST ;
Instruments: 1 Trombone 1
Piano; Difficuly Level:
Grade 1.