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Vous avez sélectionné:
Ame fifties
Partitions à imprimer
13 partitions trouvées
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Alain Souchon: Ame fifties
4.99 €
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Alain Souchon: Ame fifties
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Ame fifties
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Quickpartitions
Alain Souchon: Ame fifties
Piano, Voix et Guitare
4.99 €
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Piano, Voix et Guitare
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Alain Souchon: Ame fifties
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Ame fifties
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Quickpartitions
Lost in the Fifties Tonight (arr. Ed Lojeski)
Choral Accompaniment Only - Digital Download SKU: HX.1256998 By The Chords, The Cre…
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Choral Accompaniment Only - Digital Download SKU: HX.1256998 By The Chords, The Crew-Cuts, The Five Satins, The Monotones, and The Penguins. By Carl Feaster, Charles Patrick, Claude Feaster, Curtis Williams, Ed Lojeski, Floyd McRae, Gaynell Hodge, George Malone, James Keyes, Jesse Belvin, Joe Sherman, Mike Reid, Ronnie Milsap, Troy Seals, and Warren Davis. Arranged by Ed Lojeski. Easy Listening,Light Concert,Novelty,Oldies,Pop. Octavo. Duration 521. Hal Leonard - Digital #92130. Published by Hal Leonard - Digital (HX.1256998).
$26.99
24.63 €
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The Chords, The Crew-Cuts, The Five Satins, The Monotones, and The Penguins
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Ed Lojeski
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Lost in the Fifties Tonight
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Hal Leonard - Digital
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SheetMusicPlus
Lost in the Fifties Tonight (arr. Ed Lojeski)
Choral - Digital Download SKU: HX.1256997 By The Chords, The Crew-Cuts, The Five Sa…
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Choral - Digital Download SKU: HX.1256997 By The Chords, The Crew-Cuts, The Five Satins, The Monotones, and The Penguins. By Carl Feaster, Charles Patrick, Claude Feaster, Curtis Williams, Ed Lojeski, Floyd McRae, Gaynell Hodge, George Malone, James Keyes, Jesse Belvin, Joe Sherman, Mike Reid, Ronnie Milsap, Troy Seals, and Warren Davis. Arranged by Ed Lojeski. Easy Listening,Light Concert,Novelty,Oldies,Pop. Octavo. Duration 521. Hal Leonard - Digital #92130. Published by Hal Leonard - Digital (HX.1256997).
$1.99
1.82 €
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The Chords, The Crew-Cuts, The Five Satins, The Monotones, and The Penguins
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Ed Lojeski
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Lost in the Fifties Tonight
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Hal Leonard - Digital
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SheetMusicPlus
It's All In The Game
Instruments en Do
C Instrument - Digital Download SKU: A0.1119839 By Tommy Edwards. By Carl Sigman an…
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C Instrument - Digital Download SKU: A0.1119839 By Tommy Edwards. By Carl Sigman and Charles Dawes. Arranged by Steve Katz. 20th Century,Historic,Pop,Standards. Lead Sheet / Fake Book. 3 pages. Steve Katz #721184. Published by Steve Katz (A0.1119839). Fifties love song, originally written by Charles Dawes, Vice-President of the US under Woodrow Wilson. Easy chord arrangement for piano.
$3.99
3.64 €
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Instruments en Do
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Tommy Edwards
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Steve Katz
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It's All In The Game
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Steve Katz
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SheetMusicPlus
Dance Of The Skeletons
Piano seul
Piano Solo - Level 5 - Digital Download SKU: A0.1112901 By Liberace. By Camille Sai…
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Piano Solo - Level 5 - Digital Download SKU: A0.1112901 By Liberace. By Camille Saint-Saens. Arranged by Timothy Stapay. Broadway,Classical,Film/TV,Halloween,Musical/Show,Pop. Score. 12 pages. Timothy Stapay #714856. Published by Timothy Stapay (A0.1112901). Dance Of The Skeletons as performed by piano artist Liberace; from his classic fifties t.v. show.The song is based upon Dance Macabre op. 40 by Camille Saint-Saens. Want to learn to play like Liberace? Now you can learn to play this fun and exciting Halloween song; in the same fantastic style as the legendary showman, Liberace According to the ancient superstition, Death appears at midnight every year on Halloween. Death has the power to call forth the dead from their graves to dance for him while he plays his fiddle . The skeletons dance for him until the first break of dawn, when they must return to their graves until the next year! Władziu Valentino Liberace (May 16, 1919 – February 4, 1987) was an American pianist, singer, and actor. A child prodigy born in Wisconsin to parents of Italian and Polish origin, he enjoyed a career spanning four decades of concerts, recordings, television, motion pictures, and endorsements. At the height of his fame from the 1950s to 1970s, he was the highest-paid entertainer in the world!
$8.99
8.2 €
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Piano seul
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Liberace
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Timothy Stapay
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from his classic fifties t
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Dance Of The Skeletons
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Timothy Stapay
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SheetMusicPlus
Greensleeves
Piano seul
Piano Solo - Level 5 - Digital Download SKU: A0.1119505 By Liberace. By Folk Song. …
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Piano Solo - Level 5 - Digital Download SKU: A0.1119505 By Liberace. By Folk Song. Arranged by Timothy Stapay. Christmas,Film/TV,Folk,Historic,Standards. Score. 4 pages. Timothy Stapay #720916. Published by Timothy Stapay (A0.1119505). Traditional folk song Greensleeves arranged as performed by famous pianist, Liberace. Would you like to learn to play Traditional Christmas Carols as played by famous showman, Liberace? Well, now you can! First time ever in print; here is Greensleeves as played on his famous t.v. show from the fifties and in concerts around the world. Greensleeves is a traditional English folk song. A broadside ballad by the name A Newe Northen Dittye of ye Ladye Greene Sleves was registered by Richard Jones at the London Stationer's Company in September 1580. Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor (written c. 1597; first published in 1602), the character Mistress Ford refers twice to the tune of 'Greensleeves', and Falstaff later exclaims: Let the sky rain potatoes! Let it thunder to the tune of 'Greensleeves'! Władziu Valentino Liberace(May 16, 1919 – February 4, 1987) was an American pianist, singer, and actor. A child prodigy born in Wisconsin to parents of Italian and Polish origin, he enjoyed a career spanning four decades of concerts, recordings, television, motion pictures, and endorsements. At the height of his fame from the 1950s to 1970s, he was the highest-paid entertainer in the world!
$6.99
6.38 €
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Piano seul
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Liberace
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Timothy Stapay
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Greensleeves
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Timothy Stapay
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SheetMusicPlus
Focus on Grace ... A concerto for jazz saxophone and orchestra (2010)
Small Ensemble - Level 4 - Digital Download SKU: A0.869266 Composed by Thomas Oboe …
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Small Ensemble - Level 4 - Digital Download SKU: A0.869266 Composed by Thomas Oboe Lee. 20th Century,Contemporary,Jazz,Latin,Romantic Period. Score and parts. 73 pages. Thomas Oboe Lee #2019061. Published by Thomas Oboe Lee (A0.869266). Instrumentation: Alto sax solo and orchestra, 2222-4231-perc-drum set-strings Program note. Maestro Max Hobart called me in the spring of 2009 and told me to check out this young jazz phenom on the saxophone named Grace Kelly. I said OK, that’s cool. That summer we went to the Regatta Bar in Harvard Square to hear her play with her band, and I was duly impressed by her musicality, soulfulness and chops. Max asked if I would be interested in writing a concerto for her and the Wellesley Symphony. I said, Sure. It sounds like a great idea. One of the most cherished jazz records in my vast collection is the collaboration between Stan Getz and Eddie Sauter entitled Focus. Eddie, who used to be an arranger for the Benny Goodman Band in the forties, went on to create the Sauter Finegan Band in the early fifties. The band was one of the first to include the piccolo, oboe, bassoon, harp, celesta, French horn, tuba, xylophone, glockenspiel, chimes, timpani, and other unusual symphonic instruments in the standard big band format of trumpets, trombones, saxophones and rhythm section of piano, bass and drum set. On the album Focus Eddie Sauter composed seven tracks of music for string orchestra and rhythm section. Stan Getz did not have a written part - he just improvised over the written music. If you are not familiar with this recording, then you will do yourself a huge favor if you go find it and add it to your own CD collection. The music is phenomenal and Stan is on top of his game, soaring above the strings with endless melodic inventions, flights of imagination and whimsy! It is one of those desert island CDs one should not be without. When I emailed Grace about this project and mentioned Stan Getz’s Focus, she said, It’s one of my favorite albums. So, we got off on a positive note immediately. My work, Focus on Grace … Concerto for Jazz Saxophone and Orchestra, is very much inspired both by the Stan Getz album and by the performances I heard of Grace and her band. The first movement is based on a funk groove in D minor: Grace’s part is initially written-out but she improvises freely in the coda. The second movement is a boss nova: as in the Stan Getz album, Grace does not have a written part but improvises over a set of chord changes provided by the orchestra. The third and last movement is an Afro-Cuban groove in six-eight: Grace has a written melody at first but soon launches into improvisation on a 12-bar blues in F. She ends the concerto in a free cadenza to show off her virtuosity and saxophone chops. ENJOY!!!
$9.99
9.12 €
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Thomas Oboe Lee
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Focus on Grace ... A concerto for jazz saxophone and orchestra
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Thomas Oboe Lee
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SheetMusicPlus
Focus on Grace ... A concerto for jazz saxophone and orchestra (2010)
Orchestre
Full Orchestra - Level 4 - Digital Download SKU: A0.869355 Composed by Thomas Oboe …
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Full Orchestra - Level 4 - Digital Download SKU: A0.869355 Composed by Thomas Oboe Lee. 20th Century,Classical,Contemporary,Jazz,Romantic Period. Score and parts. 73 pages. Thomas Oboe Lee #15875. Published by Thomas Oboe Lee (A0.869355). Instrumentation: solo alto saxophone & 2222-4231-perc-drumset-strings. Program note. Maestro Max Hobart called me in the spring of 2009 and told me to check out this young jazz phenom on the saxophone named Grace Kelly. I said OK, that’s cool. That summer we went to the Regatta Bar in Harvard Square to hear her play with her band, and I was duly impressed by her musicality, soulfulness and chops. Max asked if I would be interested in writing a concerto for her and the Wellesley Symphony. I said, Sure. It sounds like a great idea. One of the most cherished jazz records in my vast collection is the collaboration between Stan Getz and Eddie Sauter entitled Focus. Eddie, who used to be an arranger for the Benny Goodman Band in the forties, went on to create the Sauter Finegan Band in the early fifties. The band was one of the first to include the piccolo, oboe, bassoon, harp, celesta, French horn, tuba, xylophone, glockenspiel, chimes, timpani, and other unusual symphonic instruments in the standard big band format of trumpets, trombones, saxophones and rhythm section of piano, bass and drum set. On the album Focus Eddie Sauter composed seven tracks of music for string orchestra and rhythm section. Stan Getz did not have a written part - he just improvised over the written music. If you are not familiar with this recording, then you will do yourself a huge favor if you go find it and add it to your own CD collection. The music is phenomenal and Stan is on top of his game, soaring above the strings with endless melodic inventions, flights of imagination and whimsy! It is one of those desert island CDs one should not be without. When I emailed Grace about this project and mentioned Stan Getz’s Focus, she said, It’s one of my favorite albums. So, we got off on a positive note immediately. My work, Focus on Grace … Concerto for Jazz Saxophone and Orchestra, is very much inspired both by the Stan Getz album and by the performances I heard of Grace and her band. The first movement is based on a funk groove in D minor: Grace’s part is initially written-out but she improvises freely in the coda. The second movement is a boss nova: as in the Stan Getz album, Grace does not have a written part but improvises over a set of chord changes provided by the orchestra. The third and last movement is an Afro-Cuban groove in six-eight: Grace has a written melody at first but soon launches into improvisation on a 12-bar blues in F. She ends the concerto in a free cadenza to show off her virtuosity and saxophone chops. ENJOY!!!
$9.99
9.12 €
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Orchestre
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Thomas Oboe Lee
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Focus on Grace ... A concerto for jazz saxophone and orchestra
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Thomas Oboe Lee
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SheetMusicPlus
Canadian Capers
Piano seul
Piano Solo - Level 5 - Digital Download SKU: A0.1109716 Composed by Bert White, Gus…
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Piano Solo - Level 5 - Digital Download SKU: A0.1109716 Composed by Bert White, Gus Chandler, and Henry Cohen. Arranged by Timothy Stapay/Liberace. Broadway,Film/TV,Musical/Show,Pop,Standards,Traditional. Score. 8 pages. Timothy Stapay #712067. Published by Timothy Stapay (A0.1109716). Canadian Capers as played by piano artist Liberace. This piano solo is based upon Liberace's version that he performed on his famous T.V. show from the fifties. Would you like to learn to play like Liberace? Well, now you can emulate this legendary performer and learn all of his techiniques; famous arpeggios and ornamentation that decorate every note! Władziu Valentino Liberace (May 16, 1919 – February 4, 1987) was an American pianist, singer, and actor. A child prodigy born in Wisconsin to parents of Italian and Polish origin, he enjoyed a career spanning four decades of concerts, recordings, television, motion pictures, and endorsements. At the height of his fame from the 1950s to 1970s, he was the highest-paid entertainer in the world.
$8.99
8.2 €
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Piano seul
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Bert White, Gus Chandler, and Henry Cohen
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Timothy Stapay/Liberace
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Canadian Capers
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Timothy Stapay
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SheetMusicPlus
April Love
Piano Facile
Easy Piano - Level 3 - Digital Download SKU: A0.821398 By Pat Boone. By Sammy Fain.…
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Easy Piano - Level 3 - Digital Download SKU: A0.821398 By Pat Boone. By Sammy Fain. Arranged by Judith L. Maggs. 20th Century,Instructional,Pop,Standards. Score. 4 pages. Maggs #6331835. Published by Maggs (A0.821398). This lovely song by Paul Webster and Sammy Fain was featured in the film by the same name, and made popular by Pat Boone in the late fifties. This intermediate piano arrangement can be used both as a piano solo, and as an accompaniment, and includes the vocal line.
$4.99
4.55 €
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Piano Facile
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Pat Boone
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Judith L
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April Love
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Maggs
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SheetMusicPlus
Sh-Boom
Chorale SATB
Chorus - Digital Download SKU: AX.00-PO-0002548 Sh-Boom - SATB. Composed by …
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Chorus - Digital Download SKU: AX.00-PO-0002548 Sh-Boom - SATB. Composed by Carl Feaster, Claude Feaster, Floyd McRae, James Keyes, and James W. Edwards. Choral. 10 pages. Alfred Music - Digital Sheet Music #00-PO-0002548. Published by Alfred Music - Digital Sheet Music (AX.00-PO-0002548). UPC: 654979995173.Patsy Ford Simms has arranged one of the classic hits of the fifties in a setting that captures all the flavor of the original.Recorded Acc. Available.
$2.25
2.05 €
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Chorale SATB
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Carl Feaster, Claude Feaster, Floyd McRae, James Keyes, and James W
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Sh-Boom
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Alfred Music - Digital Sheet Music
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SheetMusicPlus
Concerto
Piano et Orchestre
Piano and orchestra - difficult - Digital Download For piano and orchestra. Composed by …
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Piano and orchestra - difficult - Digital Download For piano and orchestra. Composed by Gyorgy Ligeti (1923-2006). This edition: solo part. Downloadable. Duration 24 minutes. Schott Music - Digital #Q53630. Published by Schott Music - Digital
I composed the Piano Concerto in two stages: the first three movements during the years 1985-86, the next two in 1987, the final autograph of the last movement was ready by January, 1988. The concerto is dedicated to the American conductor Mario di Bonaventura. . The markings of the movements are the following: . 1. Vivace molto ritmico e preciso . 2. Lento e deserto . 3. Vivace cantabile . 4. Allegro risoluto . 5. Presto luminoso. The first performance of the three-movement Concerto was on October 23rd, 1986 in Graz. Mario di Bonaventura conducted while his brother, Anthony di Bonaventura, was the soloist. Two days later the performance was repeated in the Vienna Konzerthaus. After hearing the work twice, I came to the conclusion that the third movement is not an adequate finale. my feeling of form demanded continuation, a supplement. That led to the composing of the next two movements. The premiere of the whole cycle took place on February 29th, 1988, in the Vienna Konzerthaus with the same conductor and the same pianist. . The orchestra consisted of the following: flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, trumpet, tenor trombone, percussion and strings. The flautist also plays the piccoIo, the clarinetist, the alto ocarina. The percussion is made up of diverse instruments, which one musician-virtuoso can play. It is more practical, however, if two or three musicians share the instruments. Besides traditional instruments the percussion part calls also for two simple wind instruments: the swanee whistle and the harmonica. The string instrument parts (two violins, viola, cello and doubles bass) can be performed soloistic since they do not contain divisi. For balance, however, the ensemble playing is recommended, for example 6-8 first violins, 6-8 second, 4-6 violas, 4-6 cellos, 3-4 double basses. . In the Piano Concerto I realized new concepts of harmony and rhythm. . The first movement is entirely written in bimetry: simultaneously 12/8 and 4/4 (8/8). This relates to the known triplet on a doule relation and in itself is nothing new. Because, however, I articulate 12 triola and 8 duola pulses, an entangled, up till now unheard kind of polymetry is created. The rhythm is additionally complicated because of asymmetric groupings inside two speed layers, which means accents are asymmetrically distributed. These groups, as in the talea technique, have a fixed, continuously repeating rhythmic structures of varying lengths in speed layers of 12/8 and 4/4. This means that the repeating pattern in the 12/8 level and the pattern in the 4/4 level do not coincide and continuously give a kaleidoscope of renewing combinations. . In our perception we quickly resign from following particular rhythmical successions and that what is going on in time appears for us as something static, resting. This music, if it is played properly, in the right tempo and with the right accents inside particular layers, after a certain time rises, as it were, as a plane after taking off: the rhythmic action, too complex to be able to follow in detail, begins flying. This diffusion of individual structures into a different global structure is one of my basic compositional concepts: from the end of the fifties, from the orchestral works Apparitions and Atmospheres I continuously have been looking for new ways of resolving this basic question. The harmony of the first movement is based on mixtures, hence on the parallel leading of voices. This technique is used here in a rather simple form. later in the fourth movement it will be considerably developed. . The second movement (the only slow one amongst five movements) also has a talea type of structure, it is however much simpler rhythmically, because it contains only one speed layer. The melody is consisted in the development of a rigorous interval mode in which two minor seconds and one major second alternate therefore nine notes inside an octave. This mode is transposed into different degrees and it also determines the harmony of the movement. however, in closing episode in the piano part there is a combination of diatonics (white keys) and pentatonics (black keys) led in brilliant, sparkling quasimixtures, while the orchestra continues to play in the nine tone mode. . In this movement I used isolated sounds and extreme registers (piccolo in a very low register, bassoon in a very high register, canons played by the swanee whistle, the alto ocarina and brass with a harmon-mute' damper, cutting sound combinations of the piccolo, clarinet and oboe in an extremely high register, also alternating of a whistle-siren and xylophone). The third movement also has one speed layer and because of this it appears as simpler than the first, but actually the rhythm is very complicated in a different way here. Above the uninterrupted, fast and regular basic pulse, thanks to the asymmetric distribution of accents, different types of hemiolas and inherent melodical patterns appear (the term was coined by Gerhard Kubik in relation to central African music). If this movement is played with the adequate speed and with very clear accentuation, illusory rhythmic-melodical figures appear. These figures are not played directly. they do not appear in the score, but exist only in our perception as a result of co-operation of different voices. . Already earlier I had experimented with illusory rhythmics, namely in Poeme symphonique for 100 metronomes (1962), in Continuum for harpsichord (1968), in Monument for two pianos (1976), and especially in the first and sixth piano etude Desordre and Automne a Varsovie (1985). . The third movement of the Piano Concerto is up to now the clearest example of illusory rhythmics and illusory melody. In intervallic and chordal structure this movement is based on alternation, and also inter-relation of various modal and quasi-equidistant harmony spaces. The tempered twelve-part division of the octave allows for diatonical and other modal interval successions, which are not equidistant, but are based on the alternation of major and minor seconds in different groups. The tempered system also allows for the use of the anhemitonic pentatonic scale (the black keys of the piano). From equidistant scales, therefore interval formations which are based on the division of an octave in equal distances, the twelve-tone tempered system allows only chromatics (only minor seconds) and the six-tone scale (the whole-tone: only major seconds). . Moreover, the division of the octave into four parts only minor thirds) and three parts (three major thirds) is possible. In several music cultures different equidistant divisions of an octave are accepted, for example, in the Javanese slendro into five parts, in Melanesia into seven parts, popular also in southeastern Asia, and apart from this, in southern Africa. This does not mean an exact equidistance: there is a certain tolerance for the inaccurateness of the interval tuning. . These exotic for us, Europeans, harmony and melody have attracted me for several years. However I did not want to re-tune the piano (microtone deviations appear in the concerto only in a few places in the horn and trombone parts led in natural tones). After the period of experimenting, I got to pseudo- or quasiequidistant intervals, which is neither whole-tone nor chromatic: in the twelve-tone system, two whole-tone scales are possible, shifted a minor second apart from each other. Therefore, I connect these two scales (or sound resources), and for example, places occur where the melodies and figurations in the piano part are created from both whole tone scales. in one band one six-tone sound resource is utilized, and in the other hand, the complementary. In this way whole-tonality and chromaticism mutually reduce themselves: a type of deformed equidistancism is formed, strangely brilliant and at the same time slanting. illusory harmony, indeed being created inside the tempered twelve-tone system, but in sound quality not belonging to it anymore. . The appearance of such slantedequidistant harmony fields alternating with modal fields and based on chords built on fifths (mainly in the piano part), complemented with mixtures built on fifths in the orchestra, gives this movement an individual, soft-metallic colour (a metallic sound resulting from harmonics). . The fourth movement was meant to be the central movement of the Concerto. Its melodc-rhythmic elements (embryos or fragments of motives) in themselves are simple. The movement also begins simply, with a succession of overlapping of these elements in the mixture type structures. Also here a kaleidoscope is created, due to a limited number of these elements - of these pebbles in the kaleidoscope - which continuously return in augmentations and diminutions. . Step by step, however, so that in the beginning we cannot hear it, a compiled rhythmic organization of the talea type gradually comes into daylight, based on the simultaneity of two mutually shifted to each other speed layers (also triplet and duoles, however, with different asymmetric structures than in the first movement). While longer rests are gradually filled in with motive fragments, we slowly come to the conclusion that we have found ourselves inside a rhythmic-melodical whirl: without change in tempo, only through increasing the density of the musical events, a rotation is created in the stream of successive and compiled, augmented and diminished motive fragments, and increasing the density suggests acceleration. . Thanks to the periodical structure of the composition, always new but however of the same (all the motivic cells are similar to earlier ones but none of them are exactly repeated. the general structure is therefore self-similar), an impression is created of a gigantic, indissoluble network. Also, rhythmic structures at first hidden gradually begin to emerge, two independent speed layers with their various internal accentuations. . This great, self-similar whirl in a very indirect way relates to musical associations, which came to my mind while watching the graphic projection of the mathematical sets of Julia and of Mandelbrot made with the help of a computer. I saw these wonderful pictures of fractal creations, made by scientists from Brema, Peitgen and Richter, for the first time in 1984. From that time they have played a great role in my musical concepts. This does not mean, however, that composing the fourth movement I used mathematical methods or iterative calculus. indeed, I did use constructions which, however, are not based on mathematical thinking, but are rather craftman's constructions (in this respect, my attitude towards mathematics is similar to that of the graphic artist Maurits Escher). .I am concerned rather with intuitional, poetic, synesthetic correspondence, not on the scientific, but on the poetic level of thinking. . The fifth, very short Presto movement is harmonically very simple, but all the more complicated in its rhythmic structure: it is based on the further development of ''inherent patterns of the third movement. The quasi-equidistance system dominates harmonically and melodically in this movement, as in the third, alternating with harmonic fields, which are based on the division of the chromatic whole into diatonics and anhemitonic pentatonics. Polyrhythms and harmonic mixtures reach their greatest density, and at the same time this movement is strikingly light, enlightened with very bright colours: at first it seems chaotic, but after listening to it for a few times it is easy to grasp its content: many autonomous but self-similar figures which crossing themselves. . I present my artistic credo in the Piano Concerto: I demonstrate my independence from criteria of the traditional avantgarde, as well as the fashionable postmodernism. Musical illusions which I consider to be also so important are not a goal in itself for me, but a foundation for my aesthetical attitude. I prefer musical forms which have a more object-like than processual character. Music as frozen time, as an object in imaginary space evoked by music in our imagination, as a creation which really develops in time, but in imagination it exists simultaneously in all its moments. The spell of time, the enduring its passing by, closing it in a moment of the present is my main intention as a composer. . (Gyorgy Ligeti)I composed the Piano Concerto in two stages: the first three movements during the years 1985-86, the next two in 1987, the final autograph of the last movement was ready by January, 1988. The concerto is dedicated to the American conductor Mario di Bonaventura. .
The markings of the movements are the following: .
1. Vivace molto ritmico e preciso .
2. Lento e deserto .
3. Vivace cantabile .
4. Allegro risoluto .
5. Presto luminoso.
The first performance of the three-movement Concerto was on October 23rd, 1986 in Graz. Mario di Bonaventura conducted while his brother, Anthony di Bonaventura, was the soloist. Two days later the performance was repeated in the Vienna Konzerthaus. After hearing the work twice, I came to the conclusion that the third movement is not an adequate finale. my feeling of form demanded continuation, a supplement. That led to the composing of the next two movements. The premiere of the whole cycle took place on February 29th, 1988, in the Vienna Konzerthaus with the same conductor and the same pianist. .
The orchestra consisted of the following: flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, trumpet, tenor trombone, percussion and strings. The flautist also plays the piccoIo, the clarinetist, the alto ocarina. The percussion is made up of diverse instruments, which one musician-virtuoso can play. It is more practical, however, if two or three musicians share the instruments. Besides traditional instruments the percussion part calls also for two simple wind instruments: the swanee whistle and the harmonica. The string instrument parts (two violins, viola, cello and doubles bass) can be performed soloistic since they do not contain divisi. For balance, however, the ensemble playing is recommended, for example 6-8 first violins, 6-8 second, 4-6 violas, 4-6 cellos, 3-4 double basses. .
In the Piano Concerto I realized new concepts of harmony and rhythm. .
The first movement is entirely written in bimetry: simultaneously 12/8 and 4/4 (8/8). This relates to the known triplet on a doule relation and in itself is nothing new. Because, however, I articulate 12 triola and 8 duola pulses, an entangled, up till now unheard kind of polymetry is created. The rhythm is additionally complicated because of asymmetric groupings inside two speed layers, which means accents are asymmetrically distributed. These groups, as in the talea technique, have a fixed, continuously repeating rhythmic structures of varying lengths in speed layers of 12/8 and 4/4. This means that the repeating pattern in the 12/8 level and the pattern in the 4/4 level do not coincide and continuously give a kaleidoscope of renewing combinations. .
In our perception we quickly resign from following particular rhythmical successions and that what is going on in time appears for us as something static, resting. This music, if it is played properly, in the right tempo and with the right accents inside particular layers, after a certain time rises, as it were, as a plane after taking off: the rhythmic action, too complex to be able to follow in detail, begins flying. This diffusion of individual structures into a different global structure is one of my basic compositional concepts: from the end of the fifties, from the orchestral works Apparitions and Atmospheres I continuously have been looking for new ways of resolving this basic question. The harmony of the first movement is based on mixtures, hence on the parallel leading of voices. This technique is used here in a rather simple form. later in the fourth movement it will be considerably developed. .
The second movement (the only slow one amongst five movements) also has a talea type of structure, it is however much simpler rhythmically, because it contains only one speed layer. The melody is consisted in the development of a rigorous interval mode in which two minor seconds and one major second alternate therefore nine notes inside an octave. This mode is transposed into different degrees and it also determines the harmony of the movement. however, in closing episode in the piano part there is a combination of diatonics (white keys) and pentatonics (black keys) led in brilliant, sparkling quasimixtures, while the orchestra continues to play in the nine tone mode. .
In this movement I used isolated sounds and extreme registers (piccolo in a very low register, bassoon in a very high register, canons played by the swanee whistle, the alto ocarina and brass with a harmon-mute' damper, cutting sound combinations of the piccolo, clarinet and oboe in an extremely high register, also alternating of a whistle-siren and xylophone). The third movement also has one speed layer and because of this it appears as simpler than the first, but actually the rhythm is very complicated in a different way here. Above the uninterrupted, fast and regular basic pulse, thanks to the asymmetric distribution of accents, different types of hemiolas and inherent melodical patterns appear (the term was coined by Gerhard Kubik in relation to central African music). If this movement is played with the adequate speed and with very clear accentuation, illusory rhythmic-melodical figures appear. These figures are not played directly. they do not appear in the score, but exist only in our perception as a result of co-operation of different voices. .
Already earlier I had experimented with illusory rhythmics, namely in Poeme symphonique for 100 metronomes (1962), in Continuum for harpsichord (1968), in Monument for two pianos (1976), and especially in the first and sixth piano etude Desordre and Automne a Varsovie (1985). .
The third movement of the Piano Concerto is up to now the clearest example of illusory rhythmics and illusory melody. In intervallic and chordal structure this movement is based on alternation, and also inter-relation of various modal and quasi-equidistant harmony spaces. The tempered twelve-part division of the octave allows for diatonical and other modal interval successions, which are not equidistant, but are based on the alternation of major and minor seconds in different groups. The tempered system also allows for the use of the anhemitonic pentatonic scale (the black keys of the piano). From equidistant scales, therefore interval formations which are based on the division of an octave in equal distances, the twelve-tone tempered system allows only chromatics (only minor seconds) and the six-tone scale (the whole-tone: only major seconds). .
Moreover, the division of the octave into four parts only minor thirds) and three parts (three major thirds) is possible. In several music cultures different equidistant divisions of an octave are accepted, for example, in the Javanese slendro into five parts, in Melanesia into seven parts, popular also in southeastern Asia, and apart from this, in southern Africa. This does not mean an exact equidistance: there is a certain tolerance for the inaccurateness of the interval tuning. .
These exotic for us, Europeans, harmony and melody have attracted me for several years. However I did not want to re-tune the piano (microtone deviations appear in the concerto only in a few places in the horn and trombone parts led in natural tones). After the period of experimenting, I got to pseudo- or quasiequidistant intervals, which is neither whole-tone nor chromatic: in the twelve-tone system, two whole-tone scales are possible, shifted a minor second apart from each other. Therefore, I connect these two scales (or sound resources), and for example, places occur where the melodies and figurations in the piano part are created from both whole tone scales. in one band one six-tone sound resource is utilized, and in the other hand, the complementary. In this way whole-tonality and chromaticism mutually reduce themselves: a type of deformed equidistancism is formed, strangely brilliant and at the same time slanting. illusory harmony, indeed being created inside the tempered twelve-tone system, but in sound quality not belonging to it anymore. .
The appearance of such slantedequidistant harmony fields alternating with modal fields and based on chords built on fifths (mainly in the piano part), complemented with mixtures built on fifths in the orchestra, gives this movement an individual, soft-metallic colour (a metallic sound resulting from harmonics). .
The fourth movement was meant to be the central movement of the Concerto. Its melodc-rhythmic elements (embryos or fragments of motives) in themselves are simple. The movement also begins simply, with a succession of overlapping of these elements in the mixture type structures. Also here a kaleidoscope is created, due to a limited number of these elements - of these pebbles in the kaleidoscope - which continuously return in augmentations and diminutions. .
Step by step, however, so that in the beginning we cannot hear it, a compiled rhythmic organization of the talea type gradually comes into daylight, based on the simultaneity of two mutually shifted to each other speed layers (also triplet and duoles, however, with different asymmetric structures than in the first movement). While longer rests are gradually filled in with motive fragments, we slowly come to the conclusion that we have found ourselves inside a rhythmic-melodical whirl: without change in tempo, only through increasing the density of the musical events, a rotation is created in the stream of successive and compiled, augmented and diminished motive fragments, and increasing the density suggests acceleration. .
Thanks to the periodical structure of the composition, always new but however of the same (all the motivic cells are similar to earlier ones but none of them are exactly repeated. the general structure is therefore self-similar), an impression is created of a gigantic, indissoluble network. Also, rhythmic structures at first hidden gradually begin to emerge, two independent speed layers with their various internal accentuations. .
This great, self-similar whirl in a very indirect way relates to musical associations, which came to my mind while watching the graphic projection of the mathematical sets of Julia and of Mandelbrot made with the help of a computer. I saw these wonderful pictures of fractal creations, made by scientists from Brema, Peitgen and Richter, for the first time in 1984. From that time they have played a great role in my musical concepts. This does not mean, however, that composing the fourth movement I used mathematical methods or iterative calculus. indeed, I did use constructions which, however, are not based on mathematical thinking, but are rather craftman's constructions (in this respect, my attitude towards mathematics is similar to that of the graphic artist Maurits Escher). .I am concerned rather with intuitional, poetic, synesthetic correspondence, not on the scientific, but on the poetic level of thinking. .
The fifth, very short Presto movement is harmonically very simple, but all the more complicated in its rhythmic structure: it is based on the further development of ''inherent patterns of the third movement. The quasi-equidistance system dominates harmonically and melodically in this movement, as in the third, alternating with harmonic fields, which are based on the division of the chromatic whole into diatonics and anhemitonic pentatonics. Polyrhythms and harmonic mixtures reach their greatest density, and at the same time this movement is strikingly light, enlightened with very bright colours: at first it seems chaotic, but after listening to it for a few times it is easy to grasp its content: many autonomous but self-similar figures which crossing themselves. .
I present my artistic credo in the Piano Concerto: I demonstrate my independence from criteria of the traditional avantgarde, as well as the fashionable postmodernism. Musical illusions which I consider to be also so important are not a goal in itself for me, but a foundation for my aesthetical attitude. I prefer musical forms which have a more object-like than processual character. Music as frozen time, as an object in imaginary space evoked by music in our imagination, as a creation which really develops in time, but in imagination it exists simultaneously in all its moments. The spell of time, the enduring its passing by, closing it in a moment of the present is my main intention as a composer. .
(Gyorgy Ligeti)
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Piano et Orchestre
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Gyorgy Ligeti (1923-2006)
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Concerto
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