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Let There Be Light - Bb Clarinet 1
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Elijah (Part 1) Tone Poem for Violin and Piano Movement: God's Mercy by Stephen R Dalrymple
Violon et Piano
Piano,Violin - Level 5 - Digital Download SKU: A0.818224 By Stephen R Dalrymple. By…
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Piano,Violin - Level 5 - Digital Download SKU: A0.818224 By Stephen R Dalrymple. By Stephen R Dalrymple. Arranged by Stephen R Dalrymple (Dalrymple Designs). Contemporary,Sacred. 75 pages. Stephen R Dalrymple #3075417. Published by Stephen R Dalrymple (A0.818224). Elijah (Movement 1) God’s Mercy – Tone Poem for Violin and Piano by Stephen R Dalrymple ♫ sequenced by the composer ♫ transcribed for solo flute, clarinet, trumpet, euphonium/trombone, & cello ♫ Tone Poem for Violin and Piano by Stephen R Dalrymple♫ transcribed for solo flute, clarinet, trumpet, euphonium/trombone, & cello ♫ music © 2015 Stephen R Dalrymple♫ recording ℗  2023 Stephen R Dalrymple♫ sequenced by the composer ♫ presentation © 2023 Stephen R Dalrymple♫ Although a 3 year drought seems to be a terrible hardship for Israel, it was actually a sign of the mercy of God. The northern 10 tribes, once faithful to Yahweh were virtually pagan. The prophetic ministries of Elijah and Elisha were used by God to produce a cluster of miracles that had a special purpose in the life of the nation. ♫ Besides the golden calves made by Jeroboam, the Israelites worshiped Ba’al, the supposed god of thunderstorms and fertility. The worship of Ba’al and his consort Asherah became popular, (not surprising since their representations were pornographic and the temples employed prostitutes of both genders and homosexuals for the use of worshippers.) The miracles of Elijah (involving drought and famine, flour, rain, and lightning mark a contest between Ba’al and Yahweh to show who really controls the seasons, the weather and harvests.♫ The movement is made of 4 themes: 1. Ahab – Polytonal (G Mixolydian over F Mixolydian) 2.The Mercy of God (Aeolian Mode) 3. Elijah - Polytonal (G Mixolydian / F Mixolydian) 4. Famine Theme (G Mixolydian over F Mixolydian). The 2 hands of the pianist are playing in different key signatures during most of movement 1.♫ The score shows the parts for violin and piano, but individual parts are provided for the other solo instruments.♫ Includes 14 score choices: Full Score for violin and piano letter size; Flute, Clarinet, Trumpet, Euphonium (or trombone), Violin, and Cello solo parts; Full Score for violin and piano - small page format for performing from a 10 inch tablet; the same solo parts for 10 inch tablet. (Tell your computer which pages you want to print. There are programs online that will allow you to split pdf files so that you can choose the correct part of the pdf for your tablet.)♫ YouTube https://youtu.be/_URo1xPcnbM♫ English and Krèyol have separate versions of this video on YouTube.♫ A free copy of the music is available to the Haitian community. Contact Stephen Dalrymple.
$4.50
4.11 €
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Violon et Piano
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Stephen R Dalrymple
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Elijah
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Stephen R Dalrymple
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SheetMusicPlus
Psalm 19 - The Heavens Declare
Flûte, Hautbois, Clarinette, Basson
Woodwind Ensemble,Woodwind Quartet - Level 4 - Digital Download SKU: A0.818344 By S…
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Woodwind Ensemble,Woodwind Quartet - Level 4 - Digital Download SKU: A0.818344 By Stephen R Dalrymple. By Stephen R Dalrymple. Arranged by Stephen R Dalrymple (Dalrymple Designs). Contemporary. 110 pages. Stephen R Dalrymple #6318201. Published by Stephen R Dalrymple (A0.818344). Psalm 19 – The Heavens Declare - Quintet for Winds and Piano ♫ transcribed for brass, woodwind, and string ensembles ♫ This composition was written for 5 music educators to perform at a fundraiser for music programs in our school district. It has been transcribed with flexible instrumentation so that it could be performed by brass, woodwind, or string quartets (plus piano), a creative mix of instruments (choose an instrumentation for each of the 5 parts) or a small band. ♫ The text comes from the beginning verses of Psalm 19 that point out that the skies bear witness to the glory and creative power of YHWH (sometimes represented by the LORD, Yahweh, or Jehovah) the God who created heaven and earth. The laws of nature, The laws of nature controlling the uncounted stars spread across almost limitless space, the vast number of light years to the closest star, … a person doesn’t need the words of religious instruction to see evidence of God’s work. [Psalm 19:1-6 paraphrased by the composer] ♫ quintet composition © 2017 Stephen R Dalrymple ♫ recording ℗ 2021 Stephen R Dalrymple ♫ presentation © 2021 Stephen R Dalrymple ♫ Psalm 19:1-6 paraphrased by the composer ♫ sequenced by the composer ♫ This .pdf file includes 25 files (110 pages): ♫ Letter size scores for Original, Woodwind, Brass, and String Ensembles (with piano); ♫ Small page format for performing from a 10 inch tablet of Scores for Original, Woodwind, Brass, and String Ensembles (with piano); ♫ Letter size Individual Parts: Flute Part 1, Clarinet Part 1, Trumpet Part 1, Violin Part 1, Oboe Part 2, Clarinet Part 2, Trumpet part 2, Violin Part 2, Clarinet Part 3, Alto Sax Part 3, French Horn Part 3, Viola Part 3, Bassoon Part 4, Euphonium (Trombone, E Bass) Part 4, Tuba Part 4, Cello Part 4, Part 5: Piano ♫ (Tell your computer which pages you want to print. There are programs online that will allow you to split pdf files so that you can choose the correct part of the pdf for your tablet.) ♫ The YouTube video contains the full recording.
$9.00
8.23 €
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Flûte, Hautbois, Clarinette, Basson
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Stephen R Dalrymple
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Psalm 19 - The Heavens Declare
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Stephen R Dalrymple
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SheetMusicPlus
In Your Slumber
Orchestre d'harmonie
Concert Band - Level 1 - Digital Download SKU: A0.998359 Composed by Aaron Fonzi. C…
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Concert Band - Level 1 - Digital Download SKU: A0.998359 Composed by Aaron Fonzi. Christmas,Contemporary,Folk,Standards. Score and parts. 25 pages. Aaron Fonzi #4834971. Published by Aaron Fonzi (A0.998359). This lyrical piece is a delightful way to introduce your young band to ballad style. Exploring slurs, accents, dynamics, caesuras, ritardandos and more, you'll be shocked by how sophisticated this beautiful piece sounds while using only a limited number of notes. Written to convey the playful innocence of a child dreaming, In Your Slumber balances the calm of a starry sky with the imagination and adventure of a child's mind at rest. Simple and elegant, the lullaby played by the flutes in the beginning gives way to an imaginative variation on the theme by the trumpets and clarinets at B. Gentle, pulsating tenutos in the harmonizing chords underneath are symbolic of relaxed, rhythmic breathing underlying the musical thoughts flowing by above them. Just as in dreams we seldom have control of which direction the story may go, D takes us somewhere else musically and implies a build to a false climax. At E, we are greeted with the quiet sounds of the night once more, but this time our imagination runs wild as the music builds to the climax of the piece at F. This powerful proclamation of the melody is concluded with a gentle final statement in the flute and clarinet, and the piece concludes with the final twinkle of the stars as the sun rises for a new day.Full of imagination, beauty and teachable moments throughout, I hope that you and your students can enjoy and appreciate this piece for it's simple beauty as I do. Onward!~Aaron FonziREHEARSAL NOTES:1. The clarinet part should be a very light drone creating atmosphere at the beginning- the same goes for the clarinet and saxophone at rehearsal E.2. It's easy to get too loud too soon in this piece, so remind your students to have patience. F is the climax of the piece, but many young students will want to play C as if it is. Similarly, be sure to balance the trumpet/ clarinet and the flute/ oboe/ bells at C so both lines come out evenly.3. Take your time in measure 48- we want to naturally fade away and pause before going on at rehearsal E. This increase and decrease in energy is a characterization of the ebb and flow of the piece.4. At F, there are 3 important parts that must be balanced: flute/oboe/bells; trumpet/clarinet; alto saxophone/horn. For best results, balance these 3 parts, and encourage the alto/horn line to play out a bit more than they think they need to. They are the new part which must be heard here.5. Have fun and use your imagination in terms of expressing the music- ask your students what it makes them think of and create a story to go along with it. Let this ultimately guide your interpretation. I am consistently impressed with the creative ideas my students come up with, so let them decide how the music should sound with their own stories. In your slumber, anything is possible!
$15.00
13.71 €
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Orchestre d'harmonie
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Aaron Fonzi
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In Your Slumber
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Aaron Fonzi
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SheetMusicPlus
He Said "Sam,You're Out of Focus”, for low wind and/or brass insts. in six parts - Score and Parts
Level 3 - Digital Download SKU: A0.1426087 Composed by Paul Burnell. 21st Century,C…
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Level 3 - Digital Download SKU: A0.1426087 Composed by Paul Burnell. 21st Century,Classical,Contemporary. 31 pages. Paul Burnell #1006902. Published by Paul Burnell (A0.1426087). He Said Sam,You're Out of Focus by Paul Burnell.Composed 2013 for low wind and/or brass instruments in six parts with optional drone and suspended cymbalDuration: 4:20Score in CThe combination of instruments is determined by the performers. The following are suggestions for possible part allocations:1 & 4 - alto saxophone, tenor horn, french horn, trombone2 & 5 - tenor saxophone, bass clarinet, bassoon, euphonium, trombone3 & 6 - tenor saxophone, baritone saxophone, bass clarinet, bassoon, bass trombone, tubaInstruments 1-3 may be slightly separated from instruments 4-6In the final bar, each player repeats their note several times. Each taking a breath after each note, and making no attempt to coordinate with other players, but ensuring there is an overall gradual diminuendo.Optional: other instruments play a drone on G throughout. If there are no instruments playing a drone, then Part 6 plays a concert G for two bars at the beginning.Also optional: a roll on a suspended cymbal throughout, with a crescendo in the bar before each rehearsal letter, and a diminuendo in the following bar.Programme note:He Said Sam,You're Out of Focus is a companion piece to And I Said HeyTed,You're Pixelated.This piece has taken a short extract from a 19th Century piece and obscured the identity of it by elongating it and compressing the pitch range.
$3.99
3.65 €
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Paul Burnell
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He Said "Sam,You're Out of Focus”, for low wind and/or brass insts. in six parts - Score and Parts
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Paul Burnell
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SheetMusicPlus
Elijah (Part 3) Tone Poem for Violin and Piano by Stephen R Dalrymple: God's Voice
Violon et Piano
Piano,Violin - Level 5 - Digital Download SKU: A0.818226 By Stephen R Dalrymple. By…
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Piano,Violin - Level 5 - Digital Download SKU: A0.818226 By Stephen R Dalrymple. By Stephen R Dalrymple. Arranged by Stephen R Dalrymple (Dalrymple Designs). Contemporary. 88 pages. Stephen R Dalrymple #3075427. Published by Stephen R Dalrymple (A0.818226). Elijah (Part 3) God’s Voice♫ Tone Poem for Violin and Piano by Stephen R Dalrymple♫ transcribed for solo flute, clarinet, trumpet, euphonium/trombone, & cello ♫ music © 2015 Stephen R Dalrymple♫ recording ℗  2023 Stephen R Dalrymple♫ sequenced by the composer ♫ presentation © 2023 Stephen R Dalrymple♫ After the victory of Yahweh over Ba’al at Mount Carmel, Elijah and the people executed the 450 prophets of Ba’al. For the first time in 3 years, Elijah prays for rain. In the following rainstorm, Elijah outruns Ahab’s chariot returning to Samaria. But the next morning it seems as if nothing has happened. Jezebel still has her 400 prophets. She sends a message to Elijah that he will be killed.♫ Elijah is discouraged and defeated. Did Mt Carmel really mean nothing? He runs for the wilderness, complaining to God. He is so disheartened that he asks God to take his life. He makes a pilgrimage to Mt Horeb where Moses received the Law, fasting for 40 days, still complaining. He yearns for God to answer him. As at Mt Carmel, God had demonstrated His power at Sinai with thunderstorm and lightning. Elijah is evidently expecting large dramatic gestures for God to reveal Himself. But now God will teach Elijah that He also acts in ordinary, quiet ways, as will his continued ministry♫ 8 Themes were used to create this movement: 1. Ahab (based on Movement 2, theme 3) 2. Jezebel (based on Movement 2 Theme 4 – Atonal) 3. Elijah's Excuses (based on Movement 2 Theme 2 in Dorian Mode) 4. Elijah's Depression (Based on Movement 2 Theme 2 in Dorian Mode) 5. God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (based on Movement 1 Theme 1 in Aeolian Mode) 6. Windstorm (Modified Dorian Mode) 7. Earthquake (tritones and clusters) 8. God's Voice - Polytonal (A minor / G major)♫ The score shows the parts for violin and piano, but individual parts are provided for the other solo instruments. The flute is featured on the audio and YouTube presentations here.♫ Includes 14 score choices: Full Score for violin and piano letter size; Flute, Clarinet, Trumpet, Euphonium (or trombone), Violin, and Cello solo parts; Full Score for violin and piano - small page format for performing from a 10 inch tablet; the same solo parts for 10 inch tablet. (Tell your computer which pages you want to print. There are programs online that will allow you to split pdf files so that you can choose the correct part of the pdf for your tablet.)♫ This sheet music is available for purchase at SheetMusicPlus.com & SheetMusicDirect.com♫ English and Krèyol have separate versions of this video on YouTube.♫ A free copy of the music is available to the Haitian community. Contact Stephen Dalrymple.
$4.50
4.11 €
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Violon et Piano
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Stephen R Dalrymple
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Elijah
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Stephen R Dalrymple
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SheetMusicPlus
Four Quartets for any Four Band Instruments ALL TRANSPOSITIONS
Large Ensemble Alto Saxophone,Baritone Saxophone,Bassoon,Clarinet,Drums,Euphonium,Flute,Ho…
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Large Ensemble Alto Saxophone,Baritone Saxophone,Bassoon,Clarinet,Drums,Euphonium,Flute,Horn,Marimba,Oboe,Soprano Saxophone,Tenor Saxophone,Trombone,Trumpet,Tuba,Vibraphone,Xylophone - Level 1 - Digital Download SKU: A0.778237 Composed by John McAllister. Classical,Contemporary,Instructional,Standards. Score and parts. 46 pages. John McAllister #6705915. Published by John McAllister (A0.778237). This is four original and contrasting quartets for any four band instruments (flute, oboe, mallets, percussion, trombone, tuba, saxophone, euphonium, baritone, marimba, bells, xylophone, clarinet, trumpet, tenor sax, bass clarinet, soprano sax, etc). This is designed for younger players and would be a great intro into chamber music. There is also an optional PERCUSSION part for snare and bass. Here are the movements: Triumphantly - a fanfare-like introduction in a marcato marziale style. Lightly - a lighter, staccato fun bouncy tune Serenely - the lyrical selection for legato, sustained playing Majestically - Similar to the first movement, a brilliant and optimistic finish with strong accents and harmonies This is a part of the four quartets for all series and can be combined with the same one of different transpositions.
$10.00
9.14 €
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John McAllister
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Four Quartets for any Four Band Instruments ALL TRANSPOSITIONS
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John McAllister
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SheetMusicPlus
Concerto
Piano et Orchestre
Piano and orchestra - difficult - Digital Download For piano and orchestra. Composed by …
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Piano and orchestra - difficult - Digital Download For piano and orchestra. Composed by Gyorgy Ligeti (1923-2006). This edition: solo part. Downloadable. Duration 24 minutes. Schott Music - Digital #Q53630. Published by Schott Music - Digital
I composed the Piano Concerto in two stages: the first three movements during the years 1985-86, the next two in 1987, the final autograph of the last movement was ready by January, 1988. The concerto is dedicated to the American conductor Mario di Bonaventura. . The markings of the movements are the following: . 1. Vivace molto ritmico e preciso . 2. Lento e deserto . 3. Vivace cantabile . 4. Allegro risoluto . 5. Presto luminoso. The first performance of the three-movement Concerto was on October 23rd, 1986 in Graz. Mario di Bonaventura conducted while his brother, Anthony di Bonaventura, was the soloist. Two days later the performance was repeated in the Vienna Konzerthaus. After hearing the work twice, I came to the conclusion that the third movement is not an adequate finale. my feeling of form demanded continuation, a supplement. That led to the composing of the next two movements. The premiere of the whole cycle took place on February 29th, 1988, in the Vienna Konzerthaus with the same conductor and the same pianist. . The orchestra consisted of the following: flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, trumpet, tenor trombone, percussion and strings. The flautist also plays the piccoIo, the clarinetist, the alto ocarina. The percussion is made up of diverse instruments, which one musician-virtuoso can play. It is more practical, however, if two or three musicians share the instruments. Besides traditional instruments the percussion part calls also for two simple wind instruments: the swanee whistle and the harmonica. The string instrument parts (two violins, viola, cello and doubles bass) can be performed soloistic since they do not contain divisi. For balance, however, the ensemble playing is recommended, for example 6-8 first violins, 6-8 second, 4-6 violas, 4-6 cellos, 3-4 double basses. . In the Piano Concerto I realized new concepts of harmony and rhythm. . The first movement is entirely written in bimetry: simultaneously 12/8 and 4/4 (8/8). This relates to the known triplet on a doule relation and in itself is nothing new. Because, however, I articulate 12 triola and 8 duola pulses, an entangled, up till now unheard kind of polymetry is created. The rhythm is additionally complicated because of asymmetric groupings inside two speed layers, which means accents are asymmetrically distributed. These groups, as in the talea technique, have a fixed, continuously repeating rhythmic structures of varying lengths in speed layers of 12/8 and 4/4. This means that the repeating pattern in the 12/8 level and the pattern in the 4/4 level do not coincide and continuously give a kaleidoscope of renewing combinations. . In our perception we quickly resign from following particular rhythmical successions and that what is going on in time appears for us as something static, resting. This music, if it is played properly, in the right tempo and with the right accents inside particular layers, after a certain time rises, as it were, as a plane after taking off: the rhythmic action, too complex to be able to follow in detail, begins flying. This diffusion of individual structures into a different global structure is one of my basic compositional concepts: from the end of the fifties, from the orchestral works Apparitions and Atmospheres I continuously have been looking for new ways of resolving this basic question. The harmony of the first movement is based on mixtures, hence on the parallel leading of voices. This technique is used here in a rather simple form. later in the fourth movement it will be considerably developed. . The second movement (the only slow one amongst five movements) also has a talea type of structure, it is however much simpler rhythmically, because it contains only one speed layer. The melody is consisted in the development of a rigorous interval mode in which two minor seconds and one major second alternate therefore nine notes inside an octave. This mode is transposed into different degrees and it also determines the harmony of the movement. however, in closing episode in the piano part there is a combination of diatonics (white keys) and pentatonics (black keys) led in brilliant, sparkling quasimixtures, while the orchestra continues to play in the nine tone mode. . In this movement I used isolated sounds and extreme registers (piccolo in a very low register, bassoon in a very high register, canons played by the swanee whistle, the alto ocarina and brass with a harmon-mute' damper, cutting sound combinations of the piccolo, clarinet and oboe in an extremely high register, also alternating of a whistle-siren and xylophone). The third movement also has one speed layer and because of this it appears as simpler than the first, but actually the rhythm is very complicated in a different way here. Above the uninterrupted, fast and regular basic pulse, thanks to the asymmetric distribution of accents, different types of hemiolas and inherent melodical patterns appear (the term was coined by Gerhard Kubik in relation to central African music). If this movement is played with the adequate speed and with very clear accentuation, illusory rhythmic-melodical figures appear. These figures are not played directly. they do not appear in the score, but exist only in our perception as a result of co-operation of different voices. . Already earlier I had experimented with illusory rhythmics, namely in Poeme symphonique for 100 metronomes (1962), in Continuum for harpsichord (1968), in Monument for two pianos (1976), and especially in the first and sixth piano etude Desordre and Automne a Varsovie (1985). . The third movement of the Piano Concerto is up to now the clearest example of illusory rhythmics and illusory melody. In intervallic and chordal structure this movement is based on alternation, and also inter-relation of various modal and quasi-equidistant harmony spaces. The tempered twelve-part division of the octave allows for diatonical and other modal interval successions, which are not equidistant, but are based on the alternation of major and minor seconds in different groups. The tempered system also allows for the use of the anhemitonic pentatonic scale (the black keys of the piano). From equidistant scales, therefore interval formations which are based on the division of an octave in equal distances, the twelve-tone tempered system allows only chromatics (only minor seconds) and the six-tone scale (the whole-tone: only major seconds). . Moreover, the division of the octave into four parts only minor thirds) and three parts (three major thirds) is possible. In several music cultures different equidistant divisions of an octave are accepted, for example, in the Javanese slendro into five parts, in Melanesia into seven parts, popular also in southeastern Asia, and apart from this, in southern Africa. This does not mean an exact equidistance: there is a certain tolerance for the inaccurateness of the interval tuning. . These exotic for us, Europeans, harmony and melody have attracted me for several years. However I did not want to re-tune the piano (microtone deviations appear in the concerto only in a few places in the horn and trombone parts led in natural tones). After the period of experimenting, I got to pseudo- or quasiequidistant intervals, which is neither whole-tone nor chromatic: in the twelve-tone system, two whole-tone scales are possible, shifted a minor second apart from each other. Therefore, I connect these two scales (or sound resources), and for example, places occur where the melodies and figurations in the piano part are created from both whole tone scales. in one band one six-tone sound resource is utilized, and in the other hand, the complementary. In this way whole-tonality and chromaticism mutually reduce themselves: a type of deformed equidistancism is formed, strangely brilliant and at the same time slanting. illusory harmony, indeed being created inside the tempered twelve-tone system, but in sound quality not belonging to it anymore. . The appearance of such slantedequidistant harmony fields alternating with modal fields and based on chords built on fifths (mainly in the piano part), complemented with mixtures built on fifths in the orchestra, gives this movement an individual, soft-metallic colour (a metallic sound resulting from harmonics). . The fourth movement was meant to be the central movement of the Concerto. Its melodc-rhythmic elements (embryos or fragments of motives) in themselves are simple. The movement also begins simply, with a succession of overlapping of these elements in the mixture type structures. Also here a kaleidoscope is created, due to a limited number of these elements - of these pebbles in the kaleidoscope - which continuously return in augmentations and diminutions. . Step by step, however, so that in the beginning we cannot hear it, a compiled rhythmic organization of the talea type gradually comes into daylight, based on the simultaneity of two mutually shifted to each other speed layers (also triplet and duoles, however, with different asymmetric structures than in the first movement). While longer rests are gradually filled in with motive fragments, we slowly come to the conclusion that we have found ourselves inside a rhythmic-melodical whirl: without change in tempo, only through increasing the density of the musical events, a rotation is created in the stream of successive and compiled, augmented and diminished motive fragments, and increasing the density suggests acceleration. . Thanks to the periodical structure of the composition, always new but however of the same (all the motivic cells are similar to earlier ones but none of them are exactly repeated. the general structure is therefore self-similar), an impression is created of a gigantic, indissoluble network. Also, rhythmic structures at first hidden gradually begin to emerge, two independent speed layers with their various internal accentuations. . This great, self-similar whirl in a very indirect way relates to musical associations, which came to my mind while watching the graphic projection of the mathematical sets of Julia and of Mandelbrot made with the help of a computer. I saw these wonderful pictures of fractal creations, made by scientists from Brema, Peitgen and Richter, for the first time in 1984. From that time they have played a great role in my musical concepts. This does not mean, however, that composing the fourth movement I used mathematical methods or iterative calculus. indeed, I did use constructions which, however, are not based on mathematical thinking, but are rather craftman's constructions (in this respect, my attitude towards mathematics is similar to that of the graphic artist Maurits Escher). .I am concerned rather with intuitional, poetic, synesthetic correspondence, not on the scientific, but on the poetic level of thinking. . The fifth, very short Presto movement is harmonically very simple, but all the more complicated in its rhythmic structure: it is based on the further development of ''inherent patterns of the third movement. The quasi-equidistance system dominates harmonically and melodically in this movement, as in the third, alternating with harmonic fields, which are based on the division of the chromatic whole into diatonics and anhemitonic pentatonics. Polyrhythms and harmonic mixtures reach their greatest density, and at the same time this movement is strikingly light, enlightened with very bright colours: at first it seems chaotic, but after listening to it for a few times it is easy to grasp its content: many autonomous but self-similar figures which crossing themselves. . I present my artistic credo in the Piano Concerto: I demonstrate my independence from criteria of the traditional avantgarde, as well as the fashionable postmodernism. Musical illusions which I consider to be also so important are not a goal in itself for me, but a foundation for my aesthetical attitude. I prefer musical forms which have a more object-like than processual character. Music as frozen time, as an object in imaginary space evoked by music in our imagination, as a creation which really develops in time, but in imagination it exists simultaneously in all its moments. The spell of time, the enduring its passing by, closing it in a moment of the present is my main intention as a composer. . (Gyorgy Ligeti)I composed the Piano Concerto in two stages: the first three movements during the years 1985-86, the next two in 1987, the final autograph of the last movement was ready by January, 1988. The concerto is dedicated to the American conductor Mario di Bonaventura. .
The markings of the movements are the following: .
1. Vivace molto ritmico e preciso .
2. Lento e deserto .
3. Vivace cantabile .
4. Allegro risoluto .
5. Presto luminoso.
The first performance of the three-movement Concerto was on October 23rd, 1986 in Graz. Mario di Bonaventura conducted while his brother, Anthony di Bonaventura, was the soloist. Two days later the performance was repeated in the Vienna Konzerthaus. After hearing the work twice, I came to the conclusion that the third movement is not an adequate finale. my feeling of form demanded continuation, a supplement. That led to the composing of the next two movements. The premiere of the whole cycle took place on February 29th, 1988, in the Vienna Konzerthaus with the same conductor and the same pianist. .
The orchestra consisted of the following: flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, trumpet, tenor trombone, percussion and strings. The flautist also plays the piccoIo, the clarinetist, the alto ocarina. The percussion is made up of diverse instruments, which one musician-virtuoso can play. It is more practical, however, if two or three musicians share the instruments. Besides traditional instruments the percussion part calls also for two simple wind instruments: the swanee whistle and the harmonica. The string instrument parts (two violins, viola, cello and doubles bass) can be performed soloistic since they do not contain divisi. For balance, however, the ensemble playing is recommended, for example 6-8 first violins, 6-8 second, 4-6 violas, 4-6 cellos, 3-4 double basses. .
In the Piano Concerto I realized new concepts of harmony and rhythm. .
The first movement is entirely written in bimetry: simultaneously 12/8 and 4/4 (8/8). This relates to the known triplet on a doule relation and in itself is nothing new. Because, however, I articulate 12 triola and 8 duola pulses, an entangled, up till now unheard kind of polymetry is created. The rhythm is additionally complicated because of asymmetric groupings inside two speed layers, which means accents are asymmetrically distributed. These groups, as in the talea technique, have a fixed, continuously repeating rhythmic structures of varying lengths in speed layers of 12/8 and 4/4. This means that the repeating pattern in the 12/8 level and the pattern in the 4/4 level do not coincide and continuously give a kaleidoscope of renewing combinations. .
In our perception we quickly resign from following particular rhythmical successions and that what is going on in time appears for us as something static, resting. This music, if it is played properly, in the right tempo and with the right accents inside particular layers, after a certain time rises, as it were, as a plane after taking off: the rhythmic action, too complex to be able to follow in detail, begins flying. This diffusion of individual structures into a different global structure is one of my basic compositional concepts: from the end of the fifties, from the orchestral works Apparitions and Atmospheres I continuously have been looking for new ways of resolving this basic question. The harmony of the first movement is based on mixtures, hence on the parallel leading of voices. This technique is used here in a rather simple form. later in the fourth movement it will be considerably developed. .
The second movement (the only slow one amongst five movements) also has a talea type of structure, it is however much simpler rhythmically, because it contains only one speed layer. The melody is consisted in the development of a rigorous interval mode in which two minor seconds and one major second alternate therefore nine notes inside an octave. This mode is transposed into different degrees and it also determines the harmony of the movement. however, in closing episode in the piano part there is a combination of diatonics (white keys) and pentatonics (black keys) led in brilliant, sparkling quasimixtures, while the orchestra continues to play in the nine tone mode. .
In this movement I used isolated sounds and extreme registers (piccolo in a very low register, bassoon in a very high register, canons played by the swanee whistle, the alto ocarina and brass with a harmon-mute' damper, cutting sound combinations of the piccolo, clarinet and oboe in an extremely high register, also alternating of a whistle-siren and xylophone). The third movement also has one speed layer and because of this it appears as simpler than the first, but actually the rhythm is very complicated in a different way here. Above the uninterrupted, fast and regular basic pulse, thanks to the asymmetric distribution of accents, different types of hemiolas and inherent melodical patterns appear (the term was coined by Gerhard Kubik in relation to central African music). If this movement is played with the adequate speed and with very clear accentuation, illusory rhythmic-melodical figures appear. These figures are not played directly. they do not appear in the score, but exist only in our perception as a result of co-operation of different voices. .
Already earlier I had experimented with illusory rhythmics, namely in Poeme symphonique for 100 metronomes (1962), in Continuum for harpsichord (1968), in Monument for two pianos (1976), and especially in the first and sixth piano etude Desordre and Automne a Varsovie (1985). .
The third movement of the Piano Concerto is up to now the clearest example of illusory rhythmics and illusory melody. In intervallic and chordal structure this movement is based on alternation, and also inter-relation of various modal and quasi-equidistant harmony spaces. The tempered twelve-part division of the octave allows for diatonical and other modal interval successions, which are not equidistant, but are based on the alternation of major and minor seconds in different groups. The tempered system also allows for the use of the anhemitonic pentatonic scale (the black keys of the piano). From equidistant scales, therefore interval formations which are based on the division of an octave in equal distances, the twelve-tone tempered system allows only chromatics (only minor seconds) and the six-tone scale (the whole-tone: only major seconds). .
Moreover, the division of the octave into four parts only minor thirds) and three parts (three major thirds) is possible. In several music cultures different equidistant divisions of an octave are accepted, for example, in the Javanese slendro into five parts, in Melanesia into seven parts, popular also in southeastern Asia, and apart from this, in southern Africa. This does not mean an exact equidistance: there is a certain tolerance for the inaccurateness of the interval tuning. .
These exotic for us, Europeans, harmony and melody have attracted me for several years. However I did not want to re-tune the piano (microtone deviations appear in the concerto only in a few places in the horn and trombone parts led in natural tones). After the period of experimenting, I got to pseudo- or quasiequidistant intervals, which is neither whole-tone nor chromatic: in the twelve-tone system, two whole-tone scales are possible, shifted a minor second apart from each other. Therefore, I connect these two scales (or sound resources), and for example, places occur where the melodies and figurations in the piano part are created from both whole tone scales. in one band one six-tone sound resource is utilized, and in the other hand, the complementary. In this way whole-tonality and chromaticism mutually reduce themselves: a type of deformed equidistancism is formed, strangely brilliant and at the same time slanting. illusory harmony, indeed being created inside the tempered twelve-tone system, but in sound quality not belonging to it anymore. .
The appearance of such slantedequidistant harmony fields alternating with modal fields and based on chords built on fifths (mainly in the piano part), complemented with mixtures built on fifths in the orchestra, gives this movement an individual, soft-metallic colour (a metallic sound resulting from harmonics). .
The fourth movement was meant to be the central movement of the Concerto. Its melodc-rhythmic elements (embryos or fragments of motives) in themselves are simple. The movement also begins simply, with a succession of overlapping of these elements in the mixture type structures. Also here a kaleidoscope is created, due to a limited number of these elements - of these pebbles in the kaleidoscope - which continuously return in augmentations and diminutions. .
Step by step, however, so that in the beginning we cannot hear it, a compiled rhythmic organization of the talea type gradually comes into daylight, based on the simultaneity of two mutually shifted to each other speed layers (also triplet and duoles, however, with different asymmetric structures than in the first movement). While longer rests are gradually filled in with motive fragments, we slowly come to the conclusion that we have found ourselves inside a rhythmic-melodical whirl: without change in tempo, only through increasing the density of the musical events, a rotation is created in the stream of successive and compiled, augmented and diminished motive fragments, and increasing the density suggests acceleration. .
Thanks to the periodical structure of the composition, always new but however of the same (all the motivic cells are similar to earlier ones but none of them are exactly repeated. the general structure is therefore self-similar), an impression is created of a gigantic, indissoluble network. Also, rhythmic structures at first hidden gradually begin to emerge, two independent speed layers with their various internal accentuations. .
This great, self-similar whirl in a very indirect way relates to musical associations, which came to my mind while watching the graphic projection of the mathematical sets of Julia and of Mandelbrot made with the help of a computer. I saw these wonderful pictures of fractal creations, made by scientists from Brema, Peitgen and Richter, for the first time in 1984. From that time they have played a great role in my musical concepts. This does not mean, however, that composing the fourth movement I used mathematical methods or iterative calculus. indeed, I did use constructions which, however, are not based on mathematical thinking, but are rather craftman's constructions (in this respect, my attitude towards mathematics is similar to that of the graphic artist Maurits Escher). .I am concerned rather with intuitional, poetic, synesthetic correspondence, not on the scientific, but on the poetic level of thinking. .
The fifth, very short Presto movement is harmonically very simple, but all the more complicated in its rhythmic structure: it is based on the further development of ''inherent patterns of the third movement. The quasi-equidistance system dominates harmonically and melodically in this movement, as in the third, alternating with harmonic fields, which are based on the division of the chromatic whole into diatonics and anhemitonic pentatonics. Polyrhythms and harmonic mixtures reach their greatest density, and at the same time this movement is strikingly light, enlightened with very bright colours: at first it seems chaotic, but after listening to it for a few times it is easy to grasp its content: many autonomous but self-similar figures which crossing themselves. .
I present my artistic credo in the Piano Concerto: I demonstrate my independence from criteria of the traditional avantgarde, as well as the fashionable postmodernism. Musical illusions which I consider to be also so important are not a goal in itself for me, but a foundation for my aesthetical attitude. I prefer musical forms which have a more object-like than processual character. Music as frozen time, as an object in imaginary space evoked by music in our imagination, as a creation which really develops in time, but in imagination it exists simultaneously in all its moments. The spell of time, the enduring its passing by, closing it in a moment of the present is my main intention as a composer. .
(Gyorgy Ligeti)
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Piano et Orchestre
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Gyorgy Ligeti (1923-2006)
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Concerto
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