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What Were We Thinking
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What Were We Thinking
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What Were We Thinking by Joss Stone - Piano/Vocal/Guitar, Singer Pro
Piano, Voix et Guitare
Performed by: Joss Stone: What Were We Thinking Digital Sheetmusic - instantly downloadabl…
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Performed by: Joss Stone: What Were We Thinking Digital Sheetmusic - instantly downloadable sheet music plus an interactive, downloadable digital sheet music file (this arrangement contains complete lyrics), scoring: Piano/Vocal/Guitar;Singer Pro, instruments: Voice;Piano;Guitar;Backup Vocals; 7 pages -- Soul~~R & B~~Adult Alternative~~Pop Rock
$5.50
5.06 €
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Piano, Voix et Guitare
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Joss Stone
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Piano/Vocal/Guitar, Singer Pro
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Musicnotes
What Were We Thinking
Piano, Voix et Guitare
By Joss Stone. By Raphael Saadiq. For piano, voice, and guitar (chords only). Pop; Soul. 7…
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By Joss Stone. By Raphael Saadiq. For piano, voice, and guitar (chords only). Pop; Soul. 7 pages. Published by Hal Leonard - Digital Sheet Music
$4.99
4.59 €
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Piano, Voix et Guitare
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Joss Stone
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Soul
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What Were We Thinking
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Hal Leonard - Digital Sheet Music
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SheetMusicPlus
Raphael Saadiq: What Were We Thinking for voice, piano and guitar
Piano, Voix et Guitare
Instantly printable sheet music by Joss Stone for voice, piano or guitar of MEDIUM skill l…
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Instantly printable sheet music by Joss Stone for voice, piano or guitar of MEDIUM skill level. / pop,soul
$8.97
8.26 €
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Piano, Voix et Guitare
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Raphael Saadiq
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Virtualsheetmusic
The Story Of Reuben Clamzo & His Strange Daughter
Chorale TTBB
Choral Choir (TTBB) - Level 2 - Digital Download SKU: A0.1270160 By Arlo Guthrie. B…
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Choral Choir (TTBB) - Level 2 - Digital Download SKU: A0.1270160 By Arlo Guthrie. By Arlo Guthrie. Arranged by Craig Hanson. A Cappella,Comedy,Folk. Octavo. 6 pages. Edition Craig Hanson #862589. Published by Edition Craig Hanson (A0.1270160). For TTBB chorus a cappella and solo voice. As performed by Arlo Guthrie.Wanna hear something? You know that Indians never ate clams. They didn't have linguini! And so what happened was that clams was allowed to grow unmolested in the coastal waters of America for millions of years. And they got big, and I ain't talking about clams in general, I'm talking about each clam! Individually. I mean each one was a couple of million years old or older. So imagine they could have got bigger than this whole room. And when they get that big, God gives them little feet so that they could walk around easier. And when they get feet, they get dangerous. I'm talking about real dangerous. I ain't talking about sitting under the water waiting for you. I'm talking about coming after you.Imagine being on one of them boats coming over to discover America, like Columbus or something, standing there at night on watch, everyone else is either drunk or asleep. And you're watching for America and the boat's going up and down. And you don't like it anyhow but you gotta stand there and watch, for what? Only he knows, and he ain't watching. You hear the waves lapping against the side of the ship. The moon is going behind the clouds. You hear the pitter patter of little footprints on deck. ‘Is that you kids?’ It ain't! My god! It's this humongous, giant clam!Imagine those little feet coming on deck. A clam twice the size of the ship. Feet first. You're standing there shivering with fear, you grab one of these. This is a belaying pin. They used to have these stuck in the holes all around the ship… You probably didn't know what this is for; you probably had an idea, but you were wrong. They used to have these stuck in the holes all along the sides of the ship, everywhere. You wouldn't know what this is for unless you was that guy that night.I mean, you'd grab this out of the hole, run on over there, bam bam on them little feet! Back into the ocean would go a hurt, but not defeated, humongous, giant clam. Ready to strike again when opportunity was better.You know not even the coastal villages was safe from them big clams. You know them big clams had an inland range of about 15 miles. Think of that. I mean our early pioneers and the settlers built little houses all up and down the coast you know. A little inland and stuff like that and they didn't have houses like we got now, with bathrooms and stuff. They built little privies out back. And late at night, maybe a kid would have to go, and he'd go stomping out there in the moonlight. And all they'd hear for miles around...(loud clap/belch).... One less kid for America. One more smiling, smurking, humongous, giant clam.So Americans built forts. Them forts --you know—them pictures of them forts with the wooden points all around. You probably thought them points was for Indians but that's stupid! 'Cause Indians know about doors. But clams didn't. Even if a clam knew about a door, so what? A clam couldn't fit in a door. I mean, he'd come stomping up to a fort at night, put them feet on them points, jump back crying, tears coming out of them everywhere. But Americans couldn't live in forts forever. You couldn't just build one big fort around America. How would you go to the beach?So what they did was they formed groups of people. I mean they had groups of people all up and down the coast form these little alliances. Like up North it was call the Clamshell Alliance. And farther down South it was called the Catfish Alliance. They had these Alliances all up and down the coast defending themselves against these threatening monsters. These humongous giant clams. Andt hey'd go out there, if there was maybe fifteen of them they'd be singing songs in fifteen part harmony. And when one part disappeared, that's how they knew where the clam would be.Which is why Americans only sing in four part harmony to this very day. That proved to be too dangerous. See, what they did was they'd be singing these songs called Clam Chanties, and they'd have these big spears called clampoons. And they'd be walking up and down the beach and the method they eventually devised where they'd have this guy, the most strongest heavy duty true blue American, courageous type dude they could find and they'd have him out there walking up and down the beach by himself with other chicken dudes hiding behind the sand dunes somewhere.He'd be singing the verses. They'd be singing the chorus, and clams would hear 'em. And clams hate music. So clams would come out of the water and they'd come after this one guy. And all you'd see pretty soon was flying all over the sand flying up and down the beach manmanclamclammanmanclam manclamclamman up and down the beach going this way and that way up the hills in the water out of the water behind the trees everywhere. Finally the man would jump over a big sand dune, roll over the side, the clam would come over the dune, fall in the hole and fourteen guys would come out there and stab the shit out of him with their clampoons.That's the way it was. That was one way to deal with them. The other way was to weld two clams together. [I don't believe it. I'm losing it. Hey. What can you do. Another night shot to hell.] Hey, this was serious back then. This was very serious. I mean these songs now are just piddly folk songs. But back then these songs were controversial. These was radical, almost revolutionary songs. Because times was different and clams was a threat to America. That's right. So we want to sing this song tonight about the one last... You see what they did was there was one man, he was one of these men, his name will always be remembered, his name was Reuben Clamzo, and he was one of the last great clam men there ever was. He stuck the last clam stab. The last clampoon into the last clam that was ever seen on this continent. Knowing he would be out of work in an hour. He did it anyway so that you and me could go to the beach in relative safety. That's right. Made America safe for the likes of you and me. And so we sing this song in his memory. He went into whaling like most of them guys did and he got out of that, when he died. You know, clams was much more dangerous than whales. Clams can run in the water, on the water or on the ground, and they are so big sometimes that they can jump and they can spread their kinda shells and kinda almost fly like one of them flying squirrels.You could be standing there thinking that your perfectly safe and all of a sudden whop.... That's true... And so this is the song of this guy by the name of Reuben Clamzo and the song takes place right after he stabbed this clam and the clam was, going through this kinda death dance over on the side somewhere. The song starts there and he goes into whaling and takes you through the next...I sing the part of the guy on the beach by himself. I go like this: Poor old Reuben Clamzo and you go Clamzo Boys Clamzo. That's the part of the fourteen chicken dudes over on the other side. That's what they used to sing. They'd be calling these clams out of the water. Like taunting them making fun of them. Clams would get real mad and come out. Here we go. I want you to sing it in case you ever have an occasion to join such an alliance. You know some of these alliances are still around. Still defending America against things like them clams. If you ever wants to join one, now you have some historic background. So you know where these guys are coming from. It's not just some 60's movement or something, these things go back a long time.Notice the distinction you're going to have to make now between the first and easy Clamzo Boys Clamzo and the more complicated Clamzo Me Boys Clamzo. Stay serious! Folk songs are serious. That's what Pete Seeger told me. Arlo I only want to tell you one thing... Folk songs are serious. I said right. Let's do it in C for Clam...Iet's do it in B... For boy that's a big clam... Iet' s do it in G for Gee, I hope that big clam don't see me. Let's do it in F... For …he sees me. Let's do it back in A...for a clam is coming. Better get this song done quick. The Story of Reuben Clamzo and His Strange Daughter in the Key of A.
$3.99
3.67 €
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Chorale TTBB
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Arlo Guthrie
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Craig Hanson
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The Story Of Reuben Clamzo & His Strange Daughter
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Edition Craig Hanson
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SheetMusicPlus
Bridges, Op. 136 (for Brass Quintet and Chimes)
Quintette de Cuivres: 2 trompettes, Cor, trombone, tuba
Brass Quintet - Level 4 - Digital Download SKU: A0.1489487 Composed by Dr. Daniel N…
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Brass Quintet - Level 4 - Digital Download SKU: A0.1489487 Composed by Dr. Daniel N. Thrower. 21st Century,Chamber,Classical,Historic,Multicultural,World. 28 pages. Https://gildedmusicpress.com/ #1066350. Published by https://gildedmusicpress.com/ (A0.1489487). One of my last assignments as an Air Force musician before being stationed in Japan was to perform music in support of the 50th commemoration of what has become known in America as “Vietnam Memorial Day.” It is observed on March 29 every year, the date when the last U.S. troops withdrew from Vietnam in 1973. After the memorable ceremony in 2023, I lingered to talk with those mature veterans and to hear some of their experiences. It was a strange feeling when I told them that my first assignment at my new duty station in Japan would be a series of cultural exchange performances in Vietnam. What a somber generational bridge.I was only in Japan for a matter of days, including some intense rehearsals, before Pacific Brass (the brass quintet from the U.S. Air Force Band of the Pacific) packed up and headed to Hanoi to start our brief musical outreach in three cities. My reflections were sobering as I contrasted my military service in Vietnam with the veterans whom I had just honored three months prior. During some off-duty time, all five of the Pacific Brass military musicians found our way to the well-known Hòa Ló Prison, infamously known as the “Hanoi Hilton.” Indeed, how vastly different was my brief military service in Vietnam!To the Vietnamese people, the “American War,” as they call it, is ancient history. They are extremely forward-thinking, putting those dark years far from them, looking to the bright future that is theirs. What an educational bridge of paradigms. Although it was important for us as U.S. Servicemembers to witness the Hòa Ló Prison firsthand, our lot was to experience the beautiful present-day Vietnam with its rich culture of food, street shops, temples, dance, music, and other wonders that awed us all—including gongs!Our trombone player purchased a gong in a shop that sold little else besides gongs of all sizes and pitches. That struck me as quintessentially Vietnamese, and the sights and sounds of that modest shop lingered in my imagination. As we absorbed the extraordinary majesty of the Temple of Literature in Hanoi, ideas for this musical composition started to formulate as a bridge connecting American musical culture with Vietnamese traditional gongs. For practicality in both notation and live performance, I scored the consort of 18 glorious “gongs” in my head for orchestral tubular bells. It is a passionate hope that someday in a video presentation, a masterful cultural bridge of the two diverse countries will be crafted. Better yet, what an experience it would be to have a legitimate gong consort perform live with Pacific Brass!The year of our visit, as we were coached many times by the Embassy’s Attaché, was a milestone landmark between the two nations, worthy of praise and celebration: the ten-year anniversary of the U.S.-Vietnam Comprehensive Partnership, signed by Presidents Obama and Sang in July 2013. This bilateral relationship has bridged both nations’ commitment to economic engagement, cultural exchange, tourism, education, and human rights. This composition is in celebration of this Comprehensive Partnership and a gift to the wonderful people of Vietnam. May this music contribute to a continuing growth of positive relations bridging the two nations.
$24.95
22.96 €
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Quintette de Cuivres: 2 trompettes, Cor, trombone, tuba
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Dr
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Bridges, Op. 136
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https://gildedmusicpress.com/
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SheetMusicPlus
The Water is Wide for Viola & Piano
Alto, Piano
Composed by Traditional Scottish. Arranged by James M. Guthrie. Christian, Repertoir…
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Composed by Traditional Scottish. Arranged by James M. Guthrie. Christian, Repertoire, Technique Training, Easter, Lent. Score, Set of Parts. 17 pages. Published by jmsgu3
The Water Is Wide (O Waly Waly)<br> Duration: 5:24<br> Score: 10 pg. 121 ms., MM quarter = 94, final verse MM quarter = 80, common time<br> Solo part: 3 pg.<br> Piano part: 4 pg.<br> <br> A thought-provoking arrangement of a Traditional Scottish Folksong. Probably most widely known as "The Water Is Wide,"<br> it is also well known by it's more ancient title: "O Waly Waly." The tune is also known as " When I Survey the Wondrous Cross," and "The Gift of Love."<br> This is an original arrangement from the ground up.<br> <br> Programming:<br> If you are looking for something with new contrapuntal and harmonic adventures for a Lenten prelude or a meditation during Holy Week, this will fit the bill.<br> It could also work well in a recital setting because it fits well on the instrument, and provides a chance to show off long, sensitive musical phrases.<br> Some of the figures in the descant verse are a wee-bit more advanced so, this is for intermediate players rather than beginners.<br> <br> Keep in mind these performance ideas:<br> 1. It's a simple tune that needs to unfold in the due course of time, so don't rush it. A slight ritardando at the end of each verse may help if you want to further delineate the verses.<br> 2. There is a lot of interesting counterpoint here, so be prepared to give-and-take on the dynamics more than what I have indicated.<br> 3. The final verse is much slower and more mysterious, and the dynamics are crucial - the quieter the better. Piano - the last chord: take your time on the roll, make it nice and slow.<br> <br> Synopsis of the arrangement:<br> verse 1: Simple quiet duet with the melody in the solo instrument.<br> verse 2: Melody in the solo instrument accompanied by a 2-part canon in the piano.<br> verse 3: Melody in the piano in 4-part harmony.<br> verse 4: 3-part canon on the melody (with a free accompaniment voice).<br> verse 5: 2-part canon with a free accompaniment in the solo part<br> verse 6: Melody in octaves with free bass in octaves; descant in the solo part - loudest verse.<br> verse 7: Very quiet ending verse - Modulates down a fourth, melody in the solo part accompanied by simple quartal/quintal<br> piano clusters over bass chords that suggest submerged church bells.<br> <br> For better insight into the performance of this music: express the emotion indicated by the lyrics:<br> <br> The Water Is Wide:<br> The water is wide, I cannot get over<br> Neither have I wings to fly<br> Give me a boat that can carry two<br> And both shall row, my love and I<br> A ship there is and she sails the sea<br> She's loaded deep as deep can be<br> But not so deep as the love I'm in<br> I know not if I sink or swim<br> I leaned my back against an oak<br> Thinking it was a trusty tree<br> But first it bent and then it broke<br> So did my love prove false to me<br> I reached my finger into some soft bush<br> Thinking the fairest flower to find<br> I pricked my finger to the bone<br> And left the fairest flower behind<br> Oh love be handsome and love be kind<br> Gay as a jewel when first it is new<br> But love grows old and waxes cold<br> And fades away like the morning dew<br> Must I go bound while you go free<br> Must I love a man who doesn't love me<br> Must I be born with so little art<br> As to love a man who'll break my heart<br> When cockle shells turn silver bells<br> Then will my love come back to me<br> When roses bloom in winter's gloom<br> Then will my love return to me<br> <br> The lyrics for "Waly, Waly, Gin Love Be Bonny" from Ramsay's Tea Table Miscellany (1724).<br> <br> O Waly, waly (a lament – "woe is me") up the bank,<br> And waly, waly doun the brae (hill),<br> And waly, waly, yon burn-side (riverside),<br> Where I and my love wont to gae.<br> I lean'd my back into an aik (oak),<br> I thocht it was a trusty tree;<br> But first it bow'd, and syne (soon) it brak (broke),<br> Sae my true love did lightly me.<br> <br> O waly, waly, but love be bonnie (beautiful),<br> A little time while it is new,<br> But when 'tis auld (old), it waxeth cauld (cold),<br> And fades away like the morning dew.<br> O wherefore should I busk my heid (adorn my head)?<br> Or wherefore should I kame (comb) my hair?<br> For my true love has me forsook,<br> And says he'll never love me mair (more).<br> <br> Now Arthur Seat shall be my bed,<br> The sheets shall ne'er be fyl'd by me,<br> Saint Anton's well shall be my drink,<br> Since my true love has forsaken me.<br> Martinmas wind, when wilt thou blaw (blow),<br> And shake the green leaves off the tree?<br> O gentle death, when wilt thou come?<br> For of my life I am weary.<br> <br> 'Tis not the frost, that freezes fell,<br> Nor blawing snaws (snow) inclemency,<br> 'Tis not sic cauld (such cold) that makes me cry,<br> But my love's heart grown cauld to me.<br> When we cam in by Glasgow town,<br> We were a comely sight to see;<br> My love was clad in the black velvet,<br> And I my sell in cramasie (crimson).<br> <br> But had I wist (known), before I kiss'd,<br> That love had been sae ill to win,<br> I'd lock my heart in a case of gold,<br> And pin'd it with a silver pin.<br> Oh, oh! if my young babe were born,<br> And set upon the nurse's knee,<br> And I my sell were dead and gane,<br> For a maid again I'll never be.[4]<br> (Lyrics courtesy of Wikipedia)<br> <br> <br> For more information, please feel free to contact me at: jmsgu3 "at" gmail.com<br> James M. Guthrie, ASCAP<br> jmsgu3 publicationsThe Water Is Wide (O Waly Waly)<br> Duration: 5:24<br> Score: 10 pg. 121 ms., MM quarter = 94, final verse MM quarter = 80, common time<br> Solo part: 3 pg.<br> Piano part: 4 pg.<br> <br> A thought-provoking arrangement of a Traditional Scottish Folksong. Probably most widely known as "The Water Is Wide,"<br> it is also well known by it's more ancient title: "O Waly Waly." The tune is also known as " When I Survey the Wondrous Cross," and "The Gift of Love."<br> This is an original arrangement from the ground up.<br> <br> Programming:<br> If you are looking for something with new contrapuntal and harmonic adventures for a Lenten prelude or a meditation during Holy Week, this will fit the bill.<br> It could also work well in a recital setting because it fits well on the instrument, and provides a chance to show off long, sensitive musical phrases.<br> Some of the figures in the descant verse are a wee-bit more advanced so, this is for intermediate players rather than beginners.<br> <br> Keep in mind these performance ideas:<br> 1. It's a simple tune that needs to unfold in the due course of time, so don't rush it. A slight ritardando at the end of each verse may help if you want to further delineate the verses.<br> 2. There is a lot of interesting counterpoint here, so be prepared to give-and-take on the dynamics more than what I have indicated.<br> 3. The final verse is much slower and more mysterious, and the dynamics are crucial - the quieter the better. Piano - the last chord: take your time on the roll, make it nice and slow.<br> <br> Synopsis of the arrangement:<br> verse 1: Simple quiet duet with the melody in the solo instrument.<br> verse 2: Melody in the solo instrument accompanied by a 2-part canon in the piano.<br> verse 3: Melody in the piano in 4-part harmony.<br> verse 4: 3-part canon on the melody (with a free accompaniment voice).<br> verse 5: 2-part canon with a free accompaniment in the solo part<br> verse 6: Melody in octaves with free bass in octaves; descant in the solo part - loudest verse.<br> verse 7: Very quiet ending verse - Modulates down a fourth, melody in the solo part accompanied by simple quartal/quintal<br> piano clusters over bass chords that suggest submerged church bells.<br> <br> For better insight into the performance of this music: express the emotion indicated by the lyrics:<br> <br> The Water Is Wide:<br> The water is wide, I cannot get over<br> Neither have I wings to fly<br> Give me a boat that can carry two<br> And both shall row, my love and I<br> A ship there is and she sails the sea<br> She's loaded deep as deep can be<br> But not so deep as the love I'm in<br> I know not if I sink or swim<br> I leaned my back against an oak<br> Thinking it was a trusty tree<br> But first it bent and then it broke<br> So did my love prove false to me<br> I reached my finger into some soft bush<br> Thinking the fairest flower to find<br> I pricked my finger to the bone<br> And left the fairest flower behind<br> Oh love be handsome and love be kind<br> Gay as a jewel when first it is new<br> But love grows old and waxes cold<br> And fades away like the morning dew<br> Must I go bound while you go free<br> Must I love a man who doesn't love me<br> Must I be born with so little art<br> As to love a man who'll break my heart<br> When cockle shells turn silver bells<br> Then will my love come back to me<br> When roses bloom in winter's gloom<br> Then will my love return to me<br> <br> The lyrics for "Waly, Waly, Gin Love Be Bonny" from Ramsay's Tea Table Miscellany (1724).<br> <br> O Waly, waly (a lament – "woe is me") up the bank,<br> And waly, waly doun the brae (hill),<br> And waly, waly, yon burn-side (riverside),<br> Where I and my love wont to gae.<br> I lean'd my back into an aik (oak),<br> I thocht it was a trusty tree;<br> But first it bow'd, and syne (soon) it brak (broke),<br> Sae my true love did lightly me.<br> <br> O waly, waly, but love be bonnie (beautiful),<br> A little time while it is new,<br> But when 'tis auld (old), it waxeth cauld (cold),<br> And fades away like the morning dew.<br> O wherefore should I busk my heid (adorn my head)?<br> Or wherefore should I kame (comb) my hair?<br> For my true love has me forsook,<br> And says he'll never love me mair (more).<br> <br> Now Arthur Seat shall be my bed,<br> The sheets shall ne'er be fyl'd by me,<br> Saint Anton's well shall be my drink,<br> Since my true love has forsaken me.<br> Martinmas wind, when wilt thou blaw (blow),<br> And shake the green leaves off the tree?<br> O gentle death, when wilt thou come?<br> For of my life I am weary.<br> <br> 'Tis not the frost, that freezes fell,<br> Nor blawing snaws (snow) inclemency,<br> 'Tis not sic cauld (such cold) that makes me cry,<br> But my love's heart grown cauld to me.<br> When we cam in by Glasgow town,<br> We were a comely sight to see;<br> My love was clad in the black velvet,<br> And I my sell in cramasie (crimson).<br> <br> But had I wist (known), before I kiss'd,<br> That love had been sae ill to win,<br> I'd lock my heart in a case of gold,<br> And pin'd it with a silver pin.<br> Oh, oh! if my young babe were born,<br> And set upon the nurse's knee,<br> And I my sell were dead and gane,<br> For a maid again I'll never be.[4]<br> (Lyrics courtesy of Wikipedia)<br> <br> <br> For more information, please feel free to contact me at: jmsgu3 "at" gmail.com<br> James M. Guthrie, ASCAP<br> jmsgu3 publications
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Alto, Piano
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Traditional Scottish
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James M
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The Water is Wide for Viola & Piano
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jmsgu3
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SheetMusicPlus
Concerto
Piano et Orchestre
Piano and orchestra - difficult - Digital Download For piano and orchestra. Composed by …
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Piano and orchestra - difficult - Digital Download For piano and orchestra. Composed by Gyorgy Ligeti (1923-2006). This edition: solo part. Downloadable. Duration 24 minutes. Schott Music - Digital #Q53630. Published by Schott Music - Digital
I composed the Piano Concerto in two stages: the first three movements during the years 1985-86, the next two in 1987, the final autograph of the last movement was ready by January, 1988. The concerto is dedicated to the American conductor Mario di Bonaventura. . The markings of the movements are the following: . 1. Vivace molto ritmico e preciso . 2. Lento e deserto . 3. Vivace cantabile . 4. Allegro risoluto . 5. Presto luminoso. The first performance of the three-movement Concerto was on October 23rd, 1986 in Graz. Mario di Bonaventura conducted while his brother, Anthony di Bonaventura, was the soloist. Two days later the performance was repeated in the Vienna Konzerthaus. After hearing the work twice, I came to the conclusion that the third movement is not an adequate finale. my feeling of form demanded continuation, a supplement. That led to the composing of the next two movements. The premiere of the whole cycle took place on February 29th, 1988, in the Vienna Konzerthaus with the same conductor and the same pianist. . The orchestra consisted of the following: flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, trumpet, tenor trombone, percussion and strings. The flautist also plays the piccoIo, the clarinetist, the alto ocarina. The percussion is made up of diverse instruments, which one musician-virtuoso can play. It is more practical, however, if two or three musicians share the instruments. Besides traditional instruments the percussion part calls also for two simple wind instruments: the swanee whistle and the harmonica. The string instrument parts (two violins, viola, cello and doubles bass) can be performed soloistic since they do not contain divisi. For balance, however, the ensemble playing is recommended, for example 6-8 first violins, 6-8 second, 4-6 violas, 4-6 cellos, 3-4 double basses. . In the Piano Concerto I realized new concepts of harmony and rhythm. . The first movement is entirely written in bimetry: simultaneously 12/8 and 4/4 (8/8). This relates to the known triplet on a doule relation and in itself is nothing new. Because, however, I articulate 12 triola and 8 duola pulses, an entangled, up till now unheard kind of polymetry is created. The rhythm is additionally complicated because of asymmetric groupings inside two speed layers, which means accents are asymmetrically distributed. These groups, as in the talea technique, have a fixed, continuously repeating rhythmic structures of varying lengths in speed layers of 12/8 and 4/4. This means that the repeating pattern in the 12/8 level and the pattern in the 4/4 level do not coincide and continuously give a kaleidoscope of renewing combinations. . In our perception we quickly resign from following particular rhythmical successions and that what is going on in time appears for us as something static, resting. This music, if it is played properly, in the right tempo and with the right accents inside particular layers, after a certain time rises, as it were, as a plane after taking off: the rhythmic action, too complex to be able to follow in detail, begins flying. This diffusion of individual structures into a different global structure is one of my basic compositional concepts: from the end of the fifties, from the orchestral works Apparitions and Atmospheres I continuously have been looking for new ways of resolving this basic question. The harmony of the first movement is based on mixtures, hence on the parallel leading of voices. This technique is used here in a rather simple form. later in the fourth movement it will be considerably developed. . The second movement (the only slow one amongst five movements) also has a talea type of structure, it is however much simpler rhythmically, because it contains only one speed layer. The melody is consisted in the development of a rigorous interval mode in which two minor seconds and one major second alternate therefore nine notes inside an octave. This mode is transposed into different degrees and it also determines the harmony of the movement. however, in closing episode in the piano part there is a combination of diatonics (white keys) and pentatonics (black keys) led in brilliant, sparkling quasimixtures, while the orchestra continues to play in the nine tone mode. . In this movement I used isolated sounds and extreme registers (piccolo in a very low register, bassoon in a very high register, canons played by the swanee whistle, the alto ocarina and brass with a harmon-mute' damper, cutting sound combinations of the piccolo, clarinet and oboe in an extremely high register, also alternating of a whistle-siren and xylophone). The third movement also has one speed layer and because of this it appears as simpler than the first, but actually the rhythm is very complicated in a different way here. Above the uninterrupted, fast and regular basic pulse, thanks to the asymmetric distribution of accents, different types of hemiolas and inherent melodical patterns appear (the term was coined by Gerhard Kubik in relation to central African music). If this movement is played with the adequate speed and with very clear accentuation, illusory rhythmic-melodical figures appear. These figures are not played directly. they do not appear in the score, but exist only in our perception as a result of co-operation of different voices. . Already earlier I had experimented with illusory rhythmics, namely in Poeme symphonique for 100 metronomes (1962), in Continuum for harpsichord (1968), in Monument for two pianos (1976), and especially in the first and sixth piano etude Desordre and Automne a Varsovie (1985). . The third movement of the Piano Concerto is up to now the clearest example of illusory rhythmics and illusory melody. In intervallic and chordal structure this movement is based on alternation, and also inter-relation of various modal and quasi-equidistant harmony spaces. The tempered twelve-part division of the octave allows for diatonical and other modal interval successions, which are not equidistant, but are based on the alternation of major and minor seconds in different groups. The tempered system also allows for the use of the anhemitonic pentatonic scale (the black keys of the piano). From equidistant scales, therefore interval formations which are based on the division of an octave in equal distances, the twelve-tone tempered system allows only chromatics (only minor seconds) and the six-tone scale (the whole-tone: only major seconds). . Moreover, the division of the octave into four parts only minor thirds) and three parts (three major thirds) is possible. In several music cultures different equidistant divisions of an octave are accepted, for example, in the Javanese slendro into five parts, in Melanesia into seven parts, popular also in southeastern Asia, and apart from this, in southern Africa. This does not mean an exact equidistance: there is a certain tolerance for the inaccurateness of the interval tuning. . These exotic for us, Europeans, harmony and melody have attracted me for several years. However I did not want to re-tune the piano (microtone deviations appear in the concerto only in a few places in the horn and trombone parts led in natural tones). After the period of experimenting, I got to pseudo- or quasiequidistant intervals, which is neither whole-tone nor chromatic: in the twelve-tone system, two whole-tone scales are possible, shifted a minor second apart from each other. Therefore, I connect these two scales (or sound resources), and for example, places occur where the melodies and figurations in the piano part are created from both whole tone scales. in one band one six-tone sound resource is utilized, and in the other hand, the complementary. In this way whole-tonality and chromaticism mutually reduce themselves: a type of deformed equidistancism is formed, strangely brilliant and at the same time slanting. illusory harmony, indeed being created inside the tempered twelve-tone system, but in sound quality not belonging to it anymore. . The appearance of such slantedequidistant harmony fields alternating with modal fields and based on chords built on fifths (mainly in the piano part), complemented with mixtures built on fifths in the orchestra, gives this movement an individual, soft-metallic colour (a metallic sound resulting from harmonics). . The fourth movement was meant to be the central movement of the Concerto. Its melodc-rhythmic elements (embryos or fragments of motives) in themselves are simple. The movement also begins simply, with a succession of overlapping of these elements in the mixture type structures. Also here a kaleidoscope is created, due to a limited number of these elements - of these pebbles in the kaleidoscope - which continuously return in augmentations and diminutions. . Step by step, however, so that in the beginning we cannot hear it, a compiled rhythmic organization of the talea type gradually comes into daylight, based on the simultaneity of two mutually shifted to each other speed layers (also triplet and duoles, however, with different asymmetric structures than in the first movement). While longer rests are gradually filled in with motive fragments, we slowly come to the conclusion that we have found ourselves inside a rhythmic-melodical whirl: without change in tempo, only through increasing the density of the musical events, a rotation is created in the stream of successive and compiled, augmented and diminished motive fragments, and increasing the density suggests acceleration. . Thanks to the periodical structure of the composition, always new but however of the same (all the motivic cells are similar to earlier ones but none of them are exactly repeated. the general structure is therefore self-similar), an impression is created of a gigantic, indissoluble network. Also, rhythmic structures at first hidden gradually begin to emerge, two independent speed layers with their various internal accentuations. . This great, self-similar whirl in a very indirect way relates to musical associations, which came to my mind while watching the graphic projection of the mathematical sets of Julia and of Mandelbrot made with the help of a computer. I saw these wonderful pictures of fractal creations, made by scientists from Brema, Peitgen and Richter, for the first time in 1984. From that time they have played a great role in my musical concepts. This does not mean, however, that composing the fourth movement I used mathematical methods or iterative calculus. indeed, I did use constructions which, however, are not based on mathematical thinking, but are rather craftman's constructions (in this respect, my attitude towards mathematics is similar to that of the graphic artist Maurits Escher). .I am concerned rather with intuitional, poetic, synesthetic correspondence, not on the scientific, but on the poetic level of thinking. . The fifth, very short Presto movement is harmonically very simple, but all the more complicated in its rhythmic structure: it is based on the further development of ''inherent patterns of the third movement. The quasi-equidistance system dominates harmonically and melodically in this movement, as in the third, alternating with harmonic fields, which are based on the division of the chromatic whole into diatonics and anhemitonic pentatonics. Polyrhythms and harmonic mixtures reach their greatest density, and at the same time this movement is strikingly light, enlightened with very bright colours: at first it seems chaotic, but after listening to it for a few times it is easy to grasp its content: many autonomous but self-similar figures which crossing themselves. . I present my artistic credo in the Piano Concerto: I demonstrate my independence from criteria of the traditional avantgarde, as well as the fashionable postmodernism. Musical illusions which I consider to be also so important are not a goal in itself for me, but a foundation for my aesthetical attitude. I prefer musical forms which have a more object-like than processual character. Music as frozen time, as an object in imaginary space evoked by music in our imagination, as a creation which really develops in time, but in imagination it exists simultaneously in all its moments. The spell of time, the enduring its passing by, closing it in a moment of the present is my main intention as a composer. . (Gyorgy Ligeti)I composed the Piano Concerto in two stages: the first three movements during the years 1985-86, the next two in 1987, the final autograph of the last movement was ready by January, 1988. The concerto is dedicated to the American conductor Mario di Bonaventura. .
The markings of the movements are the following: .
1. Vivace molto ritmico e preciso .
2. Lento e deserto .
3. Vivace cantabile .
4. Allegro risoluto .
5. Presto luminoso.
The first performance of the three-movement Concerto was on October 23rd, 1986 in Graz. Mario di Bonaventura conducted while his brother, Anthony di Bonaventura, was the soloist. Two days later the performance was repeated in the Vienna Konzerthaus. After hearing the work twice, I came to the conclusion that the third movement is not an adequate finale. my feeling of form demanded continuation, a supplement. That led to the composing of the next two movements. The premiere of the whole cycle took place on February 29th, 1988, in the Vienna Konzerthaus with the same conductor and the same pianist. .
The orchestra consisted of the following: flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, trumpet, tenor trombone, percussion and strings. The flautist also plays the piccoIo, the clarinetist, the alto ocarina. The percussion is made up of diverse instruments, which one musician-virtuoso can play. It is more practical, however, if two or three musicians share the instruments. Besides traditional instruments the percussion part calls also for two simple wind instruments: the swanee whistle and the harmonica. The string instrument parts (two violins, viola, cello and doubles bass) can be performed soloistic since they do not contain divisi. For balance, however, the ensemble playing is recommended, for example 6-8 first violins, 6-8 second, 4-6 violas, 4-6 cellos, 3-4 double basses. .
In the Piano Concerto I realized new concepts of harmony and rhythm. .
The first movement is entirely written in bimetry: simultaneously 12/8 and 4/4 (8/8). This relates to the known triplet on a doule relation and in itself is nothing new. Because, however, I articulate 12 triola and 8 duola pulses, an entangled, up till now unheard kind of polymetry is created. The rhythm is additionally complicated because of asymmetric groupings inside two speed layers, which means accents are asymmetrically distributed. These groups, as in the talea technique, have a fixed, continuously repeating rhythmic structures of varying lengths in speed layers of 12/8 and 4/4. This means that the repeating pattern in the 12/8 level and the pattern in the 4/4 level do not coincide and continuously give a kaleidoscope of renewing combinations. .
In our perception we quickly resign from following particular rhythmical successions and that what is going on in time appears for us as something static, resting. This music, if it is played properly, in the right tempo and with the right accents inside particular layers, after a certain time rises, as it were, as a plane after taking off: the rhythmic action, too complex to be able to follow in detail, begins flying. This diffusion of individual structures into a different global structure is one of my basic compositional concepts: from the end of the fifties, from the orchestral works Apparitions and Atmospheres I continuously have been looking for new ways of resolving this basic question. The harmony of the first movement is based on mixtures, hence on the parallel leading of voices. This technique is used here in a rather simple form. later in the fourth movement it will be considerably developed. .
The second movement (the only slow one amongst five movements) also has a talea type of structure, it is however much simpler rhythmically, because it contains only one speed layer. The melody is consisted in the development of a rigorous interval mode in which two minor seconds and one major second alternate therefore nine notes inside an octave. This mode is transposed into different degrees and it also determines the harmony of the movement. however, in closing episode in the piano part there is a combination of diatonics (white keys) and pentatonics (black keys) led in brilliant, sparkling quasimixtures, while the orchestra continues to play in the nine tone mode. .
In this movement I used isolated sounds and extreme registers (piccolo in a very low register, bassoon in a very high register, canons played by the swanee whistle, the alto ocarina and brass with a harmon-mute' damper, cutting sound combinations of the piccolo, clarinet and oboe in an extremely high register, also alternating of a whistle-siren and xylophone). The third movement also has one speed layer and because of this it appears as simpler than the first, but actually the rhythm is very complicated in a different way here. Above the uninterrupted, fast and regular basic pulse, thanks to the asymmetric distribution of accents, different types of hemiolas and inherent melodical patterns appear (the term was coined by Gerhard Kubik in relation to central African music). If this movement is played with the adequate speed and with very clear accentuation, illusory rhythmic-melodical figures appear. These figures are not played directly. they do not appear in the score, but exist only in our perception as a result of co-operation of different voices. .
Already earlier I had experimented with illusory rhythmics, namely in Poeme symphonique for 100 metronomes (1962), in Continuum for harpsichord (1968), in Monument for two pianos (1976), and especially in the first and sixth piano etude Desordre and Automne a Varsovie (1985). .
The third movement of the Piano Concerto is up to now the clearest example of illusory rhythmics and illusory melody. In intervallic and chordal structure this movement is based on alternation, and also inter-relation of various modal and quasi-equidistant harmony spaces. The tempered twelve-part division of the octave allows for diatonical and other modal interval successions, which are not equidistant, but are based on the alternation of major and minor seconds in different groups. The tempered system also allows for the use of the anhemitonic pentatonic scale (the black keys of the piano). From equidistant scales, therefore interval formations which are based on the division of an octave in equal distances, the twelve-tone tempered system allows only chromatics (only minor seconds) and the six-tone scale (the whole-tone: only major seconds). .
Moreover, the division of the octave into four parts only minor thirds) and three parts (three major thirds) is possible. In several music cultures different equidistant divisions of an octave are accepted, for example, in the Javanese slendro into five parts, in Melanesia into seven parts, popular also in southeastern Asia, and apart from this, in southern Africa. This does not mean an exact equidistance: there is a certain tolerance for the inaccurateness of the interval tuning. .
These exotic for us, Europeans, harmony and melody have attracted me for several years. However I did not want to re-tune the piano (microtone deviations appear in the concerto only in a few places in the horn and trombone parts led in natural tones). After the period of experimenting, I got to pseudo- or quasiequidistant intervals, which is neither whole-tone nor chromatic: in the twelve-tone system, two whole-tone scales are possible, shifted a minor second apart from each other. Therefore, I connect these two scales (or sound resources), and for example, places occur where the melodies and figurations in the piano part are created from both whole tone scales. in one band one six-tone sound resource is utilized, and in the other hand, the complementary. In this way whole-tonality and chromaticism mutually reduce themselves: a type of deformed equidistancism is formed, strangely brilliant and at the same time slanting. illusory harmony, indeed being created inside the tempered twelve-tone system, but in sound quality not belonging to it anymore. .
The appearance of such slantedequidistant harmony fields alternating with modal fields and based on chords built on fifths (mainly in the piano part), complemented with mixtures built on fifths in the orchestra, gives this movement an individual, soft-metallic colour (a metallic sound resulting from harmonics). .
The fourth movement was meant to be the central movement of the Concerto. Its melodc-rhythmic elements (embryos or fragments of motives) in themselves are simple. The movement also begins simply, with a succession of overlapping of these elements in the mixture type structures. Also here a kaleidoscope is created, due to a limited number of these elements - of these pebbles in the kaleidoscope - which continuously return in augmentations and diminutions. .
Step by step, however, so that in the beginning we cannot hear it, a compiled rhythmic organization of the talea type gradually comes into daylight, based on the simultaneity of two mutually shifted to each other speed layers (also triplet and duoles, however, with different asymmetric structures than in the first movement). While longer rests are gradually filled in with motive fragments, we slowly come to the conclusion that we have found ourselves inside a rhythmic-melodical whirl: without change in tempo, only through increasing the density of the musical events, a rotation is created in the stream of successive and compiled, augmented and diminished motive fragments, and increasing the density suggests acceleration. .
Thanks to the periodical structure of the composition, always new but however of the same (all the motivic cells are similar to earlier ones but none of them are exactly repeated. the general structure is therefore self-similar), an impression is created of a gigantic, indissoluble network. Also, rhythmic structures at first hidden gradually begin to emerge, two independent speed layers with their various internal accentuations. .
This great, self-similar whirl in a very indirect way relates to musical associations, which came to my mind while watching the graphic projection of the mathematical sets of Julia and of Mandelbrot made with the help of a computer. I saw these wonderful pictures of fractal creations, made by scientists from Brema, Peitgen and Richter, for the first time in 1984. From that time they have played a great role in my musical concepts. This does not mean, however, that composing the fourth movement I used mathematical methods or iterative calculus. indeed, I did use constructions which, however, are not based on mathematical thinking, but are rather craftman's constructions (in this respect, my attitude towards mathematics is similar to that of the graphic artist Maurits Escher). .I am concerned rather with intuitional, poetic, synesthetic correspondence, not on the scientific, but on the poetic level of thinking. .
The fifth, very short Presto movement is harmonically very simple, but all the more complicated in its rhythmic structure: it is based on the further development of ''inherent patterns of the third movement. The quasi-equidistance system dominates harmonically and melodically in this movement, as in the third, alternating with harmonic fields, which are based on the division of the chromatic whole into diatonics and anhemitonic pentatonics. Polyrhythms and harmonic mixtures reach their greatest density, and at the same time this movement is strikingly light, enlightened with very bright colours: at first it seems chaotic, but after listening to it for a few times it is easy to grasp its content: many autonomous but self-similar figures which crossing themselves. .
I present my artistic credo in the Piano Concerto: I demonstrate my independence from criteria of the traditional avantgarde, as well as the fashionable postmodernism. Musical illusions which I consider to be also so important are not a goal in itself for me, but a foundation for my aesthetical attitude. I prefer musical forms which have a more object-like than processual character. Music as frozen time, as an object in imaginary space evoked by music in our imagination, as a creation which really develops in time, but in imagination it exists simultaneously in all its moments. The spell of time, the enduring its passing by, closing it in a moment of the present is my main intention as a composer. .
(Gyorgy Ligeti)
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Piano et Orchestre
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Gyorgy Ligeti (1923-2006)
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Concerto
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