For Violone-Very little is known about the two sonatas which appear here in their original keys. They were placed in the library of the Music School in Oxford at the end of the seventeenth century in a form convenient for playing (i.e. unbound). The library was catalogued by Hake between 1850 and 1855 and the sonatas were eventually bound in 1855 with other instrumental and vocal manuscripts of the same period some of which are dated 1698.The sonatas are both inscribed on the title page Sonata Violone Solo. Col Basso per l'Organo o Cembalo. A third sonata bears the words Sonata Violino e Violoncino … di Giovannino del Violone. Giovannino (=Little or Young John) musthave been a performer and although the third sonata has been copied by a different hand it is conceivable that Giovannino is a connecting link between the three. He cannot however be assumed to be their author.The Violone was a six-stringed instrument with frets and there is evidence to suggest that the Contrabasso of the same period was similar but probably a little larger; the Violoncino (=Little Violone or Violoncello) must have been smaller. The word 'Violone' was also used as a collective term embracing all members of the Viol family which means that the sonatas might well have been written for a tenor or a bass Viol and not necessarily a Violone as such. Indeed when they are played on a Violone or Double Bass the continuo bass line must be played at a lower pitch than the solo instrument to prevent inversion of the intended harmony. (The use of a Violone/Double Bass continuo or 16' organ tone would overcome this problem.)The editor has added no ornaments or embellishments to the solo part as it appears in the original manuscript. It is open to debate whether a Violone player owing to the very nature of his instrument would have used any but the simplest melodic decorations. Nevertheless the performer should acquaint himself thoroughly with those seventeenth century traditions that are known today (see Dart

26 Trios That Can Be Played by Any Combination Of String Instruments-These versatile trios are written so that they can be performed by any combination of three string instruments. With books available for Violin Cello Viola and Bass there will always be an opportunity to play no matter what instruments are available!The arrangements and compositions by prominent string pedagogue Doris Gazda will sound full and satisfying with only three players all the way up to a full string orchestra. The music selection covers a wide variety of musical styles that will provide hours of enjoyment and performance options. There is even an arrangement of the 'Bridal Chorus' from the opera Lohengrin should you have the opportunity to play at awedding!The trios are progressively organized by level of difficulty to enable the performers to gradually advance in skill.