| Transcriptions of Lieder Piano seul Carl Fischer
Chamber Music Piano SKU: CF.PL1056 Composed by Clara Wieck-Schumann, Fran...(+)
Chamber Music Piano
SKU: CF.PL1056
Composed by Clara
Wieck-Schumann, Franz
Schubert, and Robert
Schumann. Edited by
Nicholas Hopkins.
Collection. With Standard
notation. 128 pages. Carl
Fischer Music #PL1056.
Published by Carl Fischer
Music (CF.PL1056).
ISBN 9781491153390.
UPC: 680160910892.
Transcribed by Franz
Liszt. Introduction
It is true that Schubert
himself is somewhat to
blame for the very
unsatisfactory manner in
which his admirable piano
pieces are treated. He
was too immoderately
productive, wrote
incessantly, mixing
insignificant with
important things, grand
things with mediocre
work, paid no heed to
criticism, and always
soared on his wings. Like
a bird in the air, he
lived in music and sang
in angelic fashion.
--Franz Liszt, letter to
Dr. S. Lebert (1868) Of
those compositions that
greatly interest me,
there are only Chopin's
and yours. --Franz Liszt,
letter to Robert Schumann
(1838) She [Clara
Schumann] was astounded
at hearing me. Her
compositions are really
very remarkable,
especially for a woman.
There is a hundred times
more creativity and real
feeling in them than in
all the past and present
fantasias by Thalberg.
--Franz Liszt, letter to
Marie d'Agoult (1838)
Chretien Urhan
(1790-1845) was a
Belgian-born violinist,
organist and composer who
flourished in the musical
life of Paris in the
early nineteenth century.
According to various
accounts, he was deeply
religious, harshly
ascetic and wildly
eccentric, though revered
by many important and
influential members of
the Parisian musical
community. Regrettably,
history has forgotten
Urhan's many musical
achievements, the most
important of which was
arguably his pioneering
work in promoting the
music of Franz Schubert.
He devoted much of his
energies to championing
Schubert's music, which
at the time was unknown
outside of Vienna.
Undoubtedly, Urhan was
responsible for
stimulating this
enthusiasm in Franz
Liszt; Liszt regularly
heard Urhan's organ
playing in the
St.-Vincent-de-Paul
church in Paris, and the
two became personal
acquaintances. At
eighteen years of age,
Liszt was on the verge of
establishing himself as
the foremost pianist in
Europe, and this
awakening to Schubert's
music would prove to be a
profound experience.
Liszt's first travels
outside of his native
provincial Hungary were
to Vienna in 1821-1823,
where his father enrolled
him in studies with Carl
Czerny (piano) and
Antonio Salieri (music
theory). Both men had
important involvements
with Schubert; Czerny
(like Urhan) as performer
and advocate of
Schubert's music and
Salieri as his theory and
composition teacher from
1813-1817. Curiously,
Liszt and Schubert never
met personally, despite
their geographical
proximity in Vienna
during these years.
Inevitably, legends later
arose that the two had
been personal
acquaintances, although
Liszt would dismiss these
as fallacious: I never
knew Schubert personally,
he was once quoted as
saying. Liszt's initial
exposure to Schubert's
music was the Lieder,
what Urhan prized most of
all. He accompanied the
tenor Benedict
Randhartinger in numerous
performances of
Schubert's Lieder and
then, perhaps realizing
that he could benefit the
composer more on his own
terms, transcribed a
number of the Lieder for
piano solo. Many of these
transcriptions he would
perform himself on
concert tour during the
so-called Glanzzeit, or
time of splendor from
1839-1847. This publicity
did much to promote
reception of Schubert's
music throughout Europe.
Once Liszt retired from
the concert stage and
settled in Weimar as a
conductor in the 1840s,
he continued to perform
Schubert's orchestral
music, his Symphony No. 9
being a particular
favorite, and is credited
with giving the world
premiere performance of
Schubert's opera Alfonso
und Estrella in 1854. At
this time, he
contemplated writing a
biography of the
composer, which
regrettably remained
uncompleted. Liszt's
devotion to Schubert
would never waver.
Liszt's relationship with
Robert and Clara Schumann
was far different and far
more complicated; by
contrast, they were all
personal acquaintances.
What began as a
relationship of mutual
respect and admiration
soon deteriorated into
one of jealousy and
hostility, particularly
on the Schumann's part.
Liszt's initial contact
with Robert's music
happened long before they
had met personally, when
Liszt published an
analysis of Schumann's
piano music for the
Gazette musicale in 1837,
a gesture that earned
Robert's deep
appreciation. In the
following year Clara met
Liszt during a concert
tour in Vienna and
presented him with more
of Schumann's piano
music. Clara and her
father Friedrich Wieck,
who accompanied Clara on
her concert tours, were
quite taken by Liszt: We
have heard Liszt. He can
be compared to no other
player...he arouses
fright and astonishment.
His appearance at the
piano is indescribable.
He is an original...he is
absorbed by the piano.
Liszt, too, was impressed
with Clara--at first the
energy, intelligence and
accuracy of her piano
playing and later her
compositions--to the
extent that he dedicated
to her the 1838 version
of his Etudes d'execution
transcendante d'apres
Paganini. Liszt had a
closer personal
relationship with Clara
than with Robert until
the two men finally met
in 1840. Schumann was
astounded by Liszt's
piano playing. He wrote
to Clara that Liszt had
played like a god and had
inspired indescribable
furor of applause. His
review of Liszt even
included a heroic
personification with
Napoleon. In Leipzig,
Schumann was deeply
impressed with Liszt's
interpretations of his
Noveletten, Op. 21 and
Fantasy in C Major, Op.
17 (dedicated to Liszt),
enthusiastically
observing that, I feel as
if I had known you twenty
years. Yet a variety of
events followed that
diminished Liszt's glory
in the eyes of the
Schumanns. They became
critical of the cult-like
atmosphere that arose
around his recitals, or
Lisztomania as it came to
be called; conceivably,
this could be attributed
to professional jealousy.
Clara, in particular,
came to loathe Liszt,
noting in a letter to
Joseph Joachim, I despise
Liszt from the depths of
my soul. She recorded a
stunning diary entry a
day after Liszt's death,
in which she noted, He
was an eminent keyboard
virtuoso, but a dangerous
example for the
young...As a composer he
was terrible. By
contrast, Liszt did not
share in these negative
sentiments; no evidence
suggests that he had any
ill-regard for the
Schumanns. In Weimar, he
did much to promote
Schumann's music,
conducting performances
of his Scenes from Faust
and Manfred, during a
time in which few
orchestras expressed
interest, and premiered
his opera Genoveva. He
later arranged a benefit
concert for Clara
following Robert's death,
featuring Clara as
soloist in Robert's Piano
Concerto, an event that
must have been
exhilarating to witness.
Regardless, her opinion
of him would never
change, despite his
repeated gestures of
courtesy and respect.
Liszt's relationship with
Schubert was a spiritual
one, with music being the
one and only link between
the two men. That with
the Schumanns was
personal, with music
influenced by a hero
worship that would
aggravate the
relationship over time.
Nonetheless, Liszt would
remain devoted to and
enthusiastic for the
music and achievements of
these composers. He would
be a vital force in
disseminating their music
to a wider audience, as
he would be with many
other composers
throughout his career.
His primary means for
accomplishing this was
the piano transcription.
Liszt and the
Transcription
Transcription versus
Paraphrase Transcription
and paraphrase were
popular terms in
nineteenth-century music,
although certainly not
unique to this period.
Musicians understood that
there were clear
distinctions between
these two terms, but as
is often the case these
distinctions could be
blurred. Transcription,
literally writing over,
entails reworking or
adapting a piece of music
for a performance medium
different from that of
its original; arrangement
is a possible synonym.
Adapting is a key part of
this process, for the
success of a
transcription relies on
the transcriber's ability
to adapt the piece to the
different medium. As a
result, the pre-existing
material is generally
kept intact, recognizable
and intelligible; it is
strict, literal,
objective. Contextual
meaning is maintained in
the process, as are
elements of style and
form. Paraphrase, by
contrast, implies
restating something in a
different manner, as in a
rewording of a document
for reasons of clarity.
In nineteenth-century
music, paraphrasing
indicated elaborating a
piece for purposes of
expressive virtuosity,
often as a vehicle for
showmanship. Variation is
an important element, for
the source material may
be varied as much as the
paraphraser's imagination
will allow; its purpose
is metamorphosis.
Transcription is adapting
and arranging;
paraphrasing is
transforming and
reworking. Transcription
preserves the style of
the original; paraphrase
absorbs the original into
a different style.
Transcription highlights
the original composer;
paraphrase highlights the
paraphraser.
Approximately half of
Liszt's compositional
output falls under the
category of transcription
and paraphrase; it is
noteworthy that he never
used the term
arrangement. Much of his
early compositional
activities were
transcriptions and
paraphrases of works of
other composers, such as
the symphonies of
Beethoven and Berlioz,
vocal music by Schubert,
and operas by Donizetti
and Bellini. It is
conceivable that he
focused so intently on
work of this nature early
in his career as a means
to perfect his
compositional technique,
although transcription
and paraphrase continued
well after the technique
had been mastered; this
might explain why he
drastically revised and
rewrote many of his
original compositions
from the 1830s (such as
the Transcendental Etudes
and Paganini Etudes) in
the 1850s. Charles Rosen,
a sympathetic interpreter
of Liszt's piano works,
observes, The new
revisions of the
Transcendental Etudes are
not revisions but concert
paraphrases of the old,
and their art lies in the
technique of
transformation. The
Paganini etudes are piano
transcriptions of violin
etudes, and the
Transcendental Etudes are
piano transcriptions of
piano etudes. The
principles are the same.
He concludes by noting,
Paraphrase has shaded off
into
composition...Composition
and paraphrase were not
identical for him, but
they were so closely
interwoven that
separation is impossible.
The significance of
transcription and
paraphrase for Liszt the
composer cannot be
overstated, and the
mutual influence of each
needs to be better
understood. Undoubtedly,
Liszt the composer as we
know him today would be
far different had he not
devoted so much of his
career to transcribing
and paraphrasing the
music of others. He was
perhaps one of the first
composers to contend that
transcription and
paraphrase could be
genuine art forms on
equal par with original
pieces; he even claimed
to be the first to use
these two terms to
describe these classes of
arrangements. Despite the
success that Liszt
achieved with this type
of work, others viewed it
with circumspection and
criticism. Robert
Schumann, although deeply
impressed with Liszt's
keyboard virtuosity, was
harsh in his criticisms
of the transcriptions.
Schumann interpreted them
as indicators that
Liszt's virtuosity had
hindered his
compositional development
and suggested that Liszt
transcribed the music of
others to compensate for
his own compositional
deficiencies.
Nonetheless, Liszt's
piano transcriptions,
what he sometimes called
partitions de piano (or
piano scores), were
instrumental in promoting
composers whose music was
unknown at the time or
inaccessible in areas
outside of major European
capitals, areas that
Liszt willingly toured
during his Glanzzeit. To
this end, the
transcriptions had to be
literal arrangements for
the piano; a Beethoven
symphony could not be
introduced to an
unknowing audience if its
music had been subjected
to imaginative
elaborations and
variations. The same
would be true of the 1833
transcription of
Berlioz's Symphonie
fantastique (composed
only three years
earlier), the
astonishingly novel
content of which would
necessitate a literal and
intelligible rendering.
Opera, usually more
popular and accessible
for the general public,
was a different matter,
and in this realm Liszt
could paraphrase the
original and manipulate
it as his imagination
would allow without
jeopardizing its
reception; hence, the
paraphrases on the operas
of Bellini, Donizetti,
Mozart, Meyerbeer and
Verdi. Reminiscence was
another term coined by
Liszt for the opera
paraphrases, as if the
composer were reminiscing
at the keyboard following
a memorable evening at
the opera. Illustration
(reserved on two
occasions for Meyerbeer)
and fantasy were
additional terms. The
operas of Wagner were
exceptions. His music was
less suited to paraphrase
due to its general lack
of familiarity at the
time. Transcription of
Wagner's music was thus
obligatory, as it was of
Beethoven's and Berlioz's
music; perhaps the
composer himself insisted
on this approach. Liszt's
Lieder Transcriptions
Liszt's initial
encounters with
Schubert's music, as
mentioned previously,
were with the Lieder. His
first transcription of a
Schubert Lied was Die
Rose in 1833, followed by
Lob der Tranen in 1837.
Thirty-nine additional
transcriptions appeared
at a rapid pace over the
following three years,
and in 1846, the Schubert
Lieder transcriptions
would conclude, by which
point he had completed
fifty-eight, the most of
any composer. Critical
response to these
transcriptions was highly
favorable--aside from the
view held by
Schumann--particularly
when Liszt himself played
these pieces in concert.
Some were published
immediately by Anton
Diabelli, famous for the
theme that inspired
Beethoven's variations.
Others were published by
the Viennese publisher
Tobias Haslinger (one of
Beethoven's and
Schubert's publishers in
the 1820s), who sold his
reserves so quickly that
he would repeatedly plead
for more. However,
Liszt's enthusiasm for
work of this nature soon
became exhausted, as he
noted in a letter of 1839
to the publisher
Breitkopf und Hartel:
That good Haslinger
overwhelms me with
Schubert. I have just
sent him twenty-four new
songs (Schwanengesang and
Winterreise), and for the
moment I am rather tired
of this work. Haslinger
was justified in his
demands, for the Schubert
transcriptions were
received with great
enthusiasm. One Gottfried
Wilhelm Fink, then editor
of the Allgemeine
musikalische Zeitung,
observed of these
transcriptions: Nothing
in recent memory has
caused such sensation and
enjoyment in both
pianists and audiences as
these arrangements...The
demand for them has in no
way been satisfied; and
it will not be until
these arrangements are
seen on pianos
everywhere. They have
indeed made quite a
splash. Eduard Hanslick,
never a sympathetic
critic of Liszt's music,
acknowledged thirty years
after the fact that,
Liszt's transcriptions of
Schubert Lieder were
epoch-making. There was
hardly a concert in which
Liszt did not have to
play one or two of
them--even when they were
not listed on the
program. These
transcriptions quickly
became some of his most
sough-after pieces,
despite their extreme
technical demands.
Leading pianists of the
day, such as Clara Wieck
and Sigismond Thalberg,
incorporated them into
their concert programs
immediately upon
publication. Moreover,
the transcriptions would
serve as inspirations for
other composers, such as
Stephen Heller, Cesar
Franck and later Leopold
Godowsky, all of whom
produced their own
transcriptions of
Schubert's Lieder. Liszt
would transcribe the
Lieder of other composers
as well, including those
by Mendelssohn, Chopin,
Anton Rubinstein and even
himself. Robert Schumann,
of course, would not be
ignored. The first
transcription of a
Schumann Lied was the
celebrated Widmung from
Myrten in 1848, the only
Schumann transcription
that Liszt completed
during the composer's
lifetime. (Regrettably,
there is no evidence of
Schumann's regard of this
transcription, or even if
he was aware of it.) From
the years 1848-1881,
Liszt transcribed twelve
of Robert Schumann's
Lieder (including one
orchestral Lied) and
three of Clara (one from
each of her three
published Lieder cycles);
he would transcribe no
other works of these two
composers. The Schumann
Lieder transcriptions,
contrary to those of
Schubert, are literal
arrangements, posing, in
general, far fewer
demands on the pianist's
technique. They are
comparatively less
imaginative in their
treatment of the original
material. Additionally,
they seem to have been
less valued in their day
than the Schubert
transcriptions, and it is
noteworthy that none of
the Schumann
transcriptions bear
dedications, as most of
the Schubert
transcriptions do. The
greatest challenge posed
by Lieder transcriptions,
regardless of the
composer or the nature of
the transcription, was to
combine the vocal and
piano parts of the
original such that the
character of each would
be preserved, a challenge
unique to this form of
transcription. Each part
had to be intact and
aurally recognizable, the
vocal line in particular.
Complications could be
manifold in a Lied that
featured dissimilar
parts, such as Schubert's
Auf dem Wasser zu singen,
whose piano accompaniment
depicts the rocking of
the boat on the
shimmering waves while
the vocal line reflects
on the passing of time.
Similar complications
would be encountered in
Gretchen am Spinnrade, in
which the ubiquitous
sixteenth-note pattern in
the piano's right hand
epitomizes the
ever-turning spinning
wheel over which the
soprano voice expresses
feelings of longing and
heartache. The resulting
transcriptions for solo
piano would place
exceptional demands on
the pianist. The
complications would be
far less imposing in
instances in which voice
and piano were less
differentiated, as in
many of Schumann's Lieder
that Liszt transcribed.
The piano parts in these
Lieder are true
accompaniments for the
voice, providing harmonic
foundation and rhythmic
support by doubling the
vocal line throughout.
The transcriptions, thus,
are strict and literal,
with far fewer demands on
both pianist and
transcriber. In all of
Liszt's Lieder
transcriptions,
regardless of the way in
which the two parts are
combined, the melody
(i.e. the vocal line) is
invariably the focal
point; the melody should
sing on the piano, as if
it were the voice. The
piano part, although
integral to contributing
to the character of the
music, is designed to
function as
accompaniment. A singing
melody was a crucial
objective in
nineteenth-century piano
performance, which in
part might explain the
zeal in transcribing and
paraphrasing vocal music
for the piano. Friedrich
Wieck, father and teacher
of Clara Schumann,
stressed this point
repeatedly in his 1853
treatise Clavier und
Gesang (Piano and Song):
When I speak in general
of singing, I refer to
that species of singing
which is a form of
beauty, and which is a
foundation for the most
refined and most perfect
interpretation of music;
and, above all things, I
consider the culture of
beautiful tones the basis
for the finest possible
touch on the piano. In
many respects, the piano
and singing should
explain and supplement
each other. They should
mutually assist in
expressing the sublime
and the noble, in forms
of unclouded beauty. Much
of Liszt's piano music
should be interpreted
with this concept in
mind, the Lieder
transcriptions and opera
paraphrases, in
particular. To this end,
Liszt provided numerous
written instructions to
the performer to
emphasize the vocal line
in performance, with
Italian directives such
as un poco marcato il
canto, accentuato assai
il canto and ben
pronunziato il canto.
Repeated indications of
cantando,singend and
espressivo il canto
stress the significance
of the singing tone. As
an additional means of
achieving this and
providing the performer
with access to the
poetry, Liszt insisted,
at what must have been a
publishing novelty at the
time, on printing the
words of the Lied in the
music itself. Haslinger,
seemingly oblivious to
Liszt's intent, initially
printed the poems of the
early Schubert
transcriptions separately
inside the front covers.
Liszt argued that the
transcriptions must be
reprinted with the words
underlying the notes,
exactly as Schubert had
done, a request that was
honored by printing the
words above the
right-hand staff. Liszt
also incorporated a
visual scheme for
distinguishing voice and
accompaniment, influenced
perhaps by Chopin, by
notating the
accompaniment in cue
size. His transcription
of Robert Schumann's
Fruhlings Ankunft
features the vocal line
in normal size, the piano
accompaniment in reduced
size, an unmistakable
guide in a busy texture
as to which part should
be emphasized: Example 1.
Schumann-Liszt Fruhlings
Ankunft, mm. 1-2. The
same practice may be
found in the
transcription of
Schumann's An die Turen
will ich schleichen. In
this piece, the performer
must read three staves,
in which the baritone
line in the central staff
is to be shared between
the two hands based on
the stem direction of the
notes: Example 2.
Schumann-Liszt An die
Turen will ich
schleichen, mm. 1-5. This
notational practice is
extremely beneficial in
this instance, given the
challenge of reading
three staves and the
manner in which the vocal
line is performed by the
two hands. Curiously,
Liszt did not use this
practice in other
transcriptions.
Approaches in Lieder
Transcription Liszt
adopted a variety of
approaches in his Lieder
transcriptions, based on
the nature of the source
material, the ways in
which the vocal and piano
parts could be combined
and the ways in which the
vocal part could sing.
One approach, common with
strophic Lieder, in which
the vocal line would be
identical in each verse,
was to vary the register
of the vocal part. The
transcription of Lob der
Tranen, for example,
incorporates three of the
four verses of the
original Lied, with the
register of the vocal
line ascending one octave
with each verse (from low
to high), as if three
different voices were
participating. By the
conclusion, the music
encompasses the entire
range of Liszt's keyboard
to produce a stunning
climactic effect, and the
variety of register of
the vocal line provides a
welcome textural variety
in the absence of the
words. The three verses
of the transcription of
Auf dem Wasser zu singen
follow the same approach,
in which the vocal line
ascends from the tenor,
to the alto and to the
soprano registers with
each verse.
Fruhlingsglaube adopts
the opposite approach, in
which the vocal line
descends from soprano in
verse 1 to tenor in verse
2, with the second part
of verse 2 again resuming
the soprano register;
this is also the case in
Das Wandern from
Mullerlieder. Gretchen am
Spinnrade posed a unique
problem. Since the poem's
narrator is female, and
the poem represents an
expression of her longing
for her lover Faust,
variation of the vocal
line's register, strictly
speaking, would have been
impractical. For this
reason, the vocal line
remains in its original
register throughout,
relentlessly colliding
with the sixteenth-note
pattern of the
accompaniment. One
exception may be found in
the fifth and final verse
in mm. 93-112, at which
point the vocal line is
notated in a higher
register and doubled in
octaves. This sudden
textural change, one that
is readily audible, was a
strategic means to
underscore Gretchen's
mounting anxiety (My
bosom urges itself toward
him. Ah, might I grasp
and hold him! And kiss
him as I would wish, at
his kisses I should
die!). The transcription,
thus, becomes a vehicle
for maximizing the
emotional content of the
poem, an exceptional
undertaking with the
general intent of a
transcription. Registral
variation of the vocal
part also plays a crucial
role in the transcription
of Erlkonig. Goethe's
poem depicts the death of
a child who is
apprehended by a
supernatural Erlking, and
Schubert, recognizing the
dramatic nature of the
poem, carefully depicted
the characters (father,
son and Erlking) through
unique vocal writing and
accompaniment patterns:
the Lied is a dramatic
entity. Liszt, in turn,
followed Schubert's
characterization in this
literal transcription,
yet took it an additional
step by placing the
register of the father's
vocal line in the
baritone range, that of
the son in the soprano
range and that of the
Erlking in the highest
register, options that
would not have been
available in the version
for voice and piano.
Additionally, Liszt
labeled each appearance
of each character in the
score, a means for
guiding the performer in
interpreting the dramatic
qualities of the Lied. As
a result, the drama and
energy of the poem are
enhanced in this
transcription; as with
Gretchen am Spinnrade,
the transcriber has
maximized the content of
the original. Elaboration
may be found in certain
Lieder transcriptions
that expand the
performance to a level of
virtuosity not found in
the original; in such
cases, the transcription
approximates the
paraphrase. Schubert's Du
bist die Ruh, a paradigm
of musical simplicity,
features an uncomplicated
piano accompaniment that
is virtually identical in
each verse. In Liszt's
transcription, the
material is subjected to
a highly virtuosic
treatment that far
exceeds the original,
including a demanding
passage for the left hand
alone in the opening
measures and unique
textural writing in each
verse. The piece is a
transcription in
virtuosity; its art, as
Rosen noted, lies in the
technique of
transformation.
Elaboration may entail an
expansion of the musical
form, as in the extensive
introduction to Die
Forelle and a virtuosic
middle section (mm.
63-85), both of which are
not in the original. Also
unique to this
transcription are two
cadenzas that Liszt
composed in response to
the poetic content. The
first, in m. 93 on the
words und eh ich es
gedacht (and before I
could guess it), features
a twisted chromatic
passage that prolongs and
thereby heightens the
listener's suspense as to
the fate of the trout
(which is ultimately
caught). The second, in
m. 108 on the words
Betrogne an (and my blood
boiled as I saw the
betrayed one), features a
rush of
diminished-seventh
arpeggios in both hands,
epitomizing the poet's
rage at the fisherman for
catching the trout. Less
frequent are instances in
which the length of the
original Lied was
shortened in the
transcription, a tendency
that may be found with
certain strophic Lieder
(e.g., Der Leiermann,
Wasserflut and Das
Wandern). Another
transcription that
demonstrates Liszt's
readiness to modify the
original in the interests
of the poetic content is
Standchen, the seventh
transcription from
Schubert's
Schwanengesang. Adapted
from Act II of
Shakespeare's Cymbeline,
the poem represents the
repeated beckoning of a
man to his lover. Liszt
transformed the Lied into
a miniature drama by
transcribing the vocal
line of the first verse
in the soprano register,
that of the second verse
in the baritone register,
in effect, creating a
dialogue between the two
lovers. In mm. 71-102,
the dialogue becomes a
canon, with one voice
trailing the other like
an echo (as labeled in
the score) at the
distance of a beat. As in
other instances, the
transcription resembles
the paraphrase, and it is
perhaps for this reason
that Liszt provided an
ossia version that is
more in the nature of a
literal transcription.
The ossia version, six
measures shorter than
Schubert's original, is
less demanding
technically than the
original transcription,
thus representing an
ossia of transcription
and an ossia of piano
technique. The Schumann
Lieder transcriptions, in
general, display a less
imaginative treatment of
the source material.
Elaborations are less
frequently encountered,
and virtuosity is more
restricted, as if the
passage of time had
somewhat tamed the
composer's approach to
transcriptions;
alternatively, Liszt was
eager to distance himself
from the fierce
virtuosity of his early
years. In most instances,
these transcriptions are
literal arrangements of
the source material, with
the vocal line in its
original form combined
with the accompaniment,
which often doubles the
vocal line in the
original Lied. Widmung,
the first of the Schumann
transcriptions, is one
exception in the way it
recalls the virtuosity of
the Schubert
transcriptions of the
1830s. Particularly
striking is the closing
section (mm. 58-73), in
which material of the
opening verse (right
hand) is combined with
the triplet quarter notes
(left hand) from the
second section of the
Lied (mm. 32-43), as if
the transcriber were
attempting to reconcile
the different material of
these two sections.
Fruhlingsnacht resembles
a paraphrase by
presenting each of the
two verses in differing
registers (alto for verse
1, mm. 3-19, and soprano
for verse 2, mm. 20-31)
and by concluding with a
virtuosic section that
considerably extends the
length of the original
Lied. The original
tonalities of the Lieder
were generally retained
in the transcriptions,
showing that the tonality
was an important part of
the transcription
process. The infrequent
instances of
transposition were done
for specific reasons. In
1861, Liszt transcribed
two of Schumann's Lieder,
one from Op. 36 (An den
Sonnenschein), another
from Op. 27 (Dem roten
Roslein), and merged
these two pieces in the
collection 2 Lieder; they
share only the common
tonality of A major. His
choice for combining
these two Lieder remains
unknown, but he clearly
recognized that some
tonal variety would be
needed, for which reason
Dem roten Roslein was
transposed to C>= major.
The collection features
An den Sonnenschein in A
major (with a transition
to the new tonality),
followed by Dem roten
Roslein in C>= major
(without a change of key
signature), and
concluding with a reprise
of An den Sonnenschein in
A major. A three-part
form was thus established
with tonal variety
provided by keys in third
relations (A-C>=-A); in
effect, two of Schumann's
Lieder were transcribed
into an archetypal song
without words. In other
instances, Liszt treated
tonality and tonal
organization as important
structural ingredients,
particularly in the
transcriptions of
Schubert's Lieder cycles,
i.e. Schwanengesang,
Winterreise a... $32.99 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 1 to 2 weeks | | |
| Renaissance Lute Repertoire - Guitar Tablature Edition Guitare notes et tablatures Guitare classique - Intermédiaire Mel Bay
Composed by Rob Mackillop. Squareback saddle stitch. Book. 80 pages. Mel Bay...(+)
Composed by Rob
Mackillop.
Squareback saddle stitch.
Book. 80 pages. Mel Bay
Publications, Inc #30753.
Published by Mel Bay
Publications, Inc
$19.99 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 1 to 2 weeks | | |
| The Cars - Complete Greatest Hits Piano, Voix et Guitare [Partition] Hal Leonard
The Cars - Complete Greatest Hits by The Cars. Piano/Vocal/Guitar Artist Song...(+)
The Cars - Complete
Greatest
Hits by The Cars.
Piano/Vocal/Guitar Artist
Songbook. Softcover. 104
pages. Published by Hal
Leonard
$24.99 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 24 hours - In Stock | | |
| The Cars - Complete Greatest Hits Guitare notes et tablatures [Partition] Hal Leonard
By The Cars. For Guitar. Guitar Recorded Version. Softcover. Guitar tablature. 1...(+)
By The Cars. For Guitar.
Guitar Recorded Version.
Softcover. Guitar
tablature. 192 pages.
Published by Hal Leonard
$26.99 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 24 hours - In Stock | | |
| 4'33 (Cage Centennial Edition) Piano seul Peters
By John Cage (1912-1992). For for any instrument or combination of instruments. ...(+)
By John Cage (1912-1992).
For for any instrument or
combination of
instruments. Modern.
Sheet Music. Composed
1952. Duration 4 minutes
33 seconds. Published by
Edition Peters
$17.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 1 to 2 weeks | | |
| Scotty Anderson - Red Hot Guitar Guitare notes et tablatures [Partition + Accès audio] Hotlicks Videos
Book/Online Video Guitar Instructional Book with Online Video Lessons from the ...(+)
Book/Online Video Guitar
Instructional Book with
Online
Video Lessons from the
Classic
Hot Licks Video Series.
By
Scotty Anderson. Hot
Licks.
Jazz Instruction.
Softcover
Video Online. 80 pages.
Published by Hot Licks
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| Teach Yourself To Play Guitar Guitare notes et tablatures [Partition + CD] - Débutant Alfred Publishing
Written by Morty Manus, Ron Manus. For guitar. Includes instructional book and e...(+)
Written by Morty Manus,
Ron Manus. For guitar.
Includes instructional
book and examples CD.
With standard notation,
guitar tablature, chord
names, fingerings,
instructional text,
instructional photos,
guitar notation legend,
guitar chord chart and
introductory text. Learn
to play. 80 pages. 9x12
inches. Published by
Alfred Publishing.
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| 100 Ultimate Blues Riffs for Guitar, Beginner Series Guitare notes et tablatures [Partition + Accès audio] - Débutant ADG productions
Composed by Andrew D. Gordon. Saddle stitch. Blues/Guitar Instruction. Book and ...(+)
Composed by Andrew D.
Gordon. Saddle stitch.
Blues/Guitar Instruction.
Book and Downloadable
audio. Duration 70
minutes. Published by ADG
Productions
$21.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 1 to 2 weeks | | |
| Alternative Rock Licks Guitare notes et tablatures Santorella Publications
By Rob Nockowitz. For Guitar. ISBN 1-58560-494-1. There are three main uses of ...(+)
By Rob Nockowitz. For
Guitar. ISBN
1-58560-494-1.
There are three main uses
of this Handy Guide. The
"gigging musician" will
benefit from all the
popular licks and can
draw on this information
as you would with an
encyclopedia. For
example, if you need a
Classic Rock lick for
your evening gig, simply
turn to the Classic Rock
section and transpose one
of the licks into the
desired key. For the
student, just bring this
guide to one of your
lessons and have your
teacher walk you through
the licks and offer
additional suggestions.
For the guitar
instructor, Portable
Alternative Rock Licks is
a fantastic resource for
teaching your students
popular sounding licks
without having to spend
countless hours
transcribing them on your
own. Now you can spend
that extra time playing
these licks and sharing
in the excitement with
each of your students.
Here's an example of the
types of licks we've
already transcribed for
you; Classic Rock Licks /
Heavy Metal Licks /
Alternative Licks This is
just one of the many
"case-style" chord books
available from Santorella
Publications.
$9.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 1 to 2 weeks | | |
| Santorella's New Teach Yourself Guitar Guitare Santorella Publications
Guitar SKU: SP.TS71612 Composed by Tony Santorella. Instructional; Method...(+)
Guitar SKU:
SP.TS71612 Composed
by Tony Santorella.
Instructional; Method.
Book and CD. Santorella
Publications #TS71612.
Published by Santorella
Publications
(SP.TS71612). ISBN
9781585606924. UPC:
728941716124. Teach
Yourself Guitar published
by Santorella
Publications is the first
in a series including CD
that was initially
created as an impulse
product for a typical
independent Guitar & Amp
shop. In a market flooded
with similar products, we
swiftly learned that our
edition was more than
just a quick fix for the
beginner. Although
titled, Teach Yourself
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more than basic
instruction. Accordingly,
Teach Yourself Guitar has
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private lesson study
guide.
There are
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Unfortunately, none of
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Becoming a better
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Our
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the many facets of
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this one of a kind
guide.
Topics
covered
include: - Types of
Guitars
- Tuning
the
Guitar
- Holding
the
Guitar
- Musical
Notation
- Timing
and Note
Values
- The First
String-E
- The
Second
String-B
- The
Third
String-C
- Playing
Chords
- It's Time
To Rest
- Notes on
the Fourth
String-D
- Notes on
the Fifth
String-A
- High
A
- Notes on the
Sixth
String-E
- Bass
Chord
Accompaniments
- Th
e F Chord Using Three
Strings
- Accidenta
ls
- Ascending
Scales
- Descending
Scales
- Enharmonic
Notation
- Arpeggio
s
- Transposition
li>
- Major Scale and
Key
Signatures
- Import
ant Tablature
Symbols
$18.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 1 to 2 weeks | | |
| Csardas obstinee Violoncelle, Piano EMB (Editio Musica Budapest)
Cello and Piano SKU: BT.EMBZ14779 Composed by Franz Liszt. Book Only. Com...(+)
Cello and Piano SKU:
BT.EMBZ14779 Composed
by Franz Liszt. Book
Only. Composed 2011. 16
pages. Editio Musica
Budapest #EMBZ14779.
Published by Editio
Musica Budapest
(BT.EMBZ14779).
The arranger of
this work (a well-known
Hungarian composer living
in Romania) writes: This
piece has always excited
my imagination, from
several points of view.
First of all, its name.
The German title, the
obstinate one, may refer
to its ostinato
character. This is close
to Liszt's programme
concept, but the French
word 'obstiné' is
closer in meaning to
stubborn. There is just a
shade of difference, but
to me it is important,
because the latter
suggests the description
of a type of behaviour,
the emotional state of a
dancer's inner frame of
mind abstracted into
movements, expressed in
dance movements, and this
is a fascinating
interpretation. The
demonstration ofstubborn
resistance and defiance
to the point of
exhaustion was not a
frequently occurring
phenomenon with Liszt.
Secondly, at the
beginning of the
seventies Zoltán
Kocsis played the piece
in Transylvania. At that
time, I asked the
composer, Is the
character of the
continuous staccato in
the left hand sharp,
short, or an accompanying
background like a
constant shadow? Is it a
weighty Brahmsian
staccato, an ominous
knocking? - and so on.
Then there are the
Bartókian false
relations that keep
recurring in the work,
the B-E flat-G, etc. That
foreshadows Debussy,
creating harmonic thrills
that, when I hear the
work, keep my continuing
interest alive for it.
Finally, my immediate
reason for arranging the
work was of a family
nature: in connection
with Liszt's jubilee
year, my daughter, who is
a cellist, wanted a 'more
energetic' piece to play
at a bicentenary concert
an addition to the
existing slow, lyrical,
or sombre works written
by Liszt for the cello.
The arranger of
this work, the well-known
Romania-based Hungarian
composer Cs ky
Boldizsár writes: This
piece has always excited
my imagination, from
several points of view.
First of all, its name.
The German title, the
obstinateone, may refer
to its ostinato
character, this is close
to Liszt's programme
concept, but the French
word 'obstiné' is
closer in meaning to
stubborn. There is just a
shade of difference, but
to me it is important,
because the
lattersuggests the
description of a type of
behaviour, the emotional
state of a dancer's inner
frame of mind abstracted
into movements, expressed
in dance movements, and
this is a fascinating
interpretation. The
demonstration of
stubbornresistance ,
defiance to the point of
exhaustion, was not a
frequently occurring
phenomenon with Liszt.
Secondly, at the
beginning of the
seventies Zoltán
Kocsis played the piece
here in Transylvania
(Romania).
Der
Bearbeiter des Werkes,
der renommierte
ungarische Komponist aus
Rumänien, schreibt:
Dieses Stück reizte
immer schon meine
Phantasie, sogar in
vielerlei Hinsicht. Als
erstes sein Name. Der
deutsche Titel
‚Hartnäckiger'
kann auf den ihm
innewohnenden ostinativen
Charakter hinweisen, was
der Liszt'schen
Programm-Konzeption
näher kommt, das
französische
,obstiné' steht jedoch
eher dem Wort
‚dickköpfig'
nah. Das sind nur
geringfügige
Unterschiede, mir ist das
dennoch wichtig, weil aus
Letzterem die Darstellung
eines Verhaltens, der in
Tanzgesten
ausgedrückte, zur
Bewegung abstrahierte
innere emotionale Zustand
eines Tänzers
durchscheint, und das ist
eine überaus
beeindruckendeErklärun
g. Die Demonstration des
bis zur Erschöpfung
reichenden Trotzes, der
störrischen Kraft
erscheint bei Liszt
selten. Der zweite
Aspekt: Zu Beginn der
70er Jahre spielte bei
uns Zoltán Kocsis das
Stück. Schon damals
(und seitdem) frage ich
den Komponisten:. $18.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 2 to 3 weeks | | |
| SongXpress[R]: Barre Chord Basics Guitare [Partition + CD] - Débutant Alfred Publishing
By Aaron Stang. For Guitar. Guitar Method or Supplement. The Ultimate Beginner S...(+)
By Aaron Stang. For
Guitar. Guitar Method or
Supplement. The Ultimate
Beginner Series. Book and
CD. 36 pages. Published
by Alfred Publishing.
$9.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 1 to 2 weeks | | |
| Arpeggios for the Modern Guitarist Guitare notes et tablatures [Partition + Accès audio] Hal Leonard
The Complete Guide, Including Theory, Patterns, Techniques and Applications. Gui...(+)
The Complete Guide,
Including Theory,
Patterns, Techniques and
Applications. Guitar
Educational. Arpeggios,
Instruction. Softcover
Audio Online. With guitar
tablature. 64 pages.
Published by Hal Leonard
$22.99 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 24 hours - In Stock | | |
| Next Step Guitar: Sight-Reading Made Easy Guitare [Partition + CD] Amsco Publications
Guitar SKU: BT.MUSAM982333 Next Step Guitar. Tuition. Book with CD. Compo...(+)
Guitar SKU:
BT.MUSAM982333 Next
Step Guitar. Tuition.
Book with CD. Composed
2005. 48 pages. Amsco
Publications
#MUSAM982333. Published
by Amsco Publications
(BT.MUSAM982333).
English. This
book/CD pack is written
for the real-world
guitarist. With this
book, you can see and
hear actual guitar parts
just as you would
encounter them on a gig
or in the studio. This
practical approach to
reading shows you how
todecipher and interpret
the different types of
notation and special
instructions commonly
thrown at guitarists.
Build your confidence and
stamina by reading along
with over 50 music
examples in various
styles and degrees
ofdifficulty. Each
exercise is supported by
a crystal-clear recording
so you can check your
accuracy and progress
with ease. A superb
resource for any
guitarist. $18.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 4 to 6 weeks | | |
| Next Step Guitar: Sight-Reading Made Easy Guitare notes et tablatures [Partition + CD] - Facile Music Sales
| | |
| The Real Book - Volume V Instruments en Mib Hal Leonard
E-flat Edition. Composed by Various. Fake Book. Jazz. Softcover. 504 page...(+)
E-flat Edition.
Composed by Various. Fake
Book. Jazz. Softcover.
504 pages. Published by
Hal Leonard (HL.175279).
$49.99 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 24 hours - In Stock | | |
| The Real Book - Volume V
Instruments en Sib Hal Leonard
B-flat Edition. Composed by Various. Fake Book. Softcover. 504 pages. Publish...(+)
B-flat Edition. Composed
by
Various. Fake Book.
Softcover. 504 pages.
Published by Hal Leonard
$49.99 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 24 hours - In Stock | | |
| The Real Book - Volume V
Instruments en Do [Fake Book] Hal Leonard
(C Edition). By Various. By Various. For C Instruments. Fake Book. Softcover. 46...(+)
(C Edition). By Various.
By Various. For C
Instruments. Fake Book.
Softcover. 464 pages.
Published by Hal Leonard
$49.99 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 24 hours - In Stock | | |
| Bar Chords Guitare [Poster] Santorella Publications
Bar Chords composed by Phil Black. For guitar. This edition: Paperback. Referenc...(+)
Bar Chords composed by
Phil Black. For guitar.
This edition: Paperback.
Reference. Educational.
Color poster. Text
Language: English. 1
pages. Published by
Santorella Publications
$6.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 1 to 2 weeks | | |
| Venezuelan Treasures for the Piano, Vol. 3 Piano seul Clifton Edition
Piano - Grade 7-8 SKU: ST.C463 Composed by Federico Ruiz. Edited by Clara...(+)
Piano - Grade 7-8 SKU:
ST.C463 Composed by
Federico Ruiz. Edited by
Clara Rodriguez. Piano
and keyboard music.
Collection. Clifton
Edition #C463. Published
by Clifton Edition
(ST.C463). ISBN
9790570814633. This
volume contains
contrasting works by
Federico Ruiz spanning
quite a large and rich
period of his
compositional output that
goes from his early
Micro-Suite (1971), to
lilting, sweet and
rhythmic Venezuelan
waltzes passing by the
mysterious, intimate, and
intense Nocturno (1994)
plus pieces originally
composed for film, and
theatre. Real eclecticism
in styles, moods and
atmospheres that show
Ruizâ??s talents and
scope.
The
Nocturno is a deep,
intriguing, substantial
piece presenting a
satisfying length which
moves from different
paths of the mind and the
heart written in an
abstract, chromatic
idiom, that does not
dissociate itself from
the Venezuelan waltz and
the joropo. One could
perhaps say that there is
a deconstruction of the
latter. For the
interpretation, the
composer has suggested to
me that it is allowed to
have some flexibility in
the tempo. Ruiz kindly
dedicated it to me, and I
have had the pleasure of
performing it in many
concerts.
Although
all highly expressive,
the Three Venezuelan
Waltzes present in this
collection as well as the
piece titled Aliseo, are
works that are close to
the colourful Venezuelan
folk tradition. Federico
Ruiz had given me two of
them when we first met:
â??Tu Presenciaâ??
(1981) and
â??EloÃsaâ?? (1989)
and then I attended a
performance of the play
â??Office Number Oneâ??
by Miguel Otero Silva
with a fantastic actor,
Elba Escobar in the role
of Carmen Rosa and, I
just fell in love and was
very moved by the
incidental music that I
later discovered, by
reading the programme,
had been written by
Federico Ruiz. Later that
evening, I called him and
asked to please make a
piano score of the
composition, so I could
have the desired piece in
my hands. That is how
â??Carmen Rosaâ?
waltz (1987) came to
exist in a piano
version.
â??Elois
aâ?? is another
Venezuelan waltz with
more jazzy harmonies
where precision in the
rhythm and elegant
playing is also
essential, as it is in
most of his
pieces.
â??Tu
Presenciaâ?? was
dedicated to his mother,
Margarita. It is written
with the structure of the
Venezuelan waltz, which
consists of a nostalgic
subject that leads to a
faster, happier middle
section where the typical
graceful rhythm is given
by the left-hand
accompaniment figure of a
dotted crotchet followed
by a quaver and a
crotchet.
The
craft and magic found in
the five movements of the
Micro-Suite is based on a
dodecaphonic row by Ernst
Krenek. They remind us of
the idiom of the Second
Viennese School. These
real miniatures seem to
tell short stories. The
â??Preludioâ?? is full
of humour. I imagine
dancing figures given by
the jumps all over the
keyboard and extreme
dynamics; the phrases
give the impression of a
conversation with many
questions and answers.
The â??Invenciónâ??
is a kaleidoscopic piece
where the hands mirror
each other. The
â??Passacagliaâ?? is
the longest movement, at
just over a minute where
the prime motif is
repeated three times on
the bass line. For its
construction Federico
Ruiz uses as well the
retrograde and the
retrograde inversion of
the twelve-tone series.
It must be played
expressively with dynamic
contrasts between
pianissimo and louder
events. The
â??Scherzoâ?? has
repetitive motifs of a
minor third in both hands
and the â??Finalâ??
displays virtuosic
passages for the
pianist.
Aliseo
was originally written
for the film â??Aire
libreâ? (1995), by
Luis Armando Roche. It
contains elements of
diverse types of
Venezuelan joropo. In the
film, the character of
Aliseo Carvallo is played
by the composer himself
who performs this piece
on a harpsichord to
welcome scientists
Alexander von Humboldt
and Aimé Bonpland one
day at the turn of the
1800â??s, as a sample of
the new music from the
South American land. It
presents the refinement
of the late European
classical era in fusion
with Venezuelan folk
music. $15.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 4 to 6 weeks | | |
| The Jazz Theory Book
Théorie de la musique [Livre] Sher Music Company
Written by Mark Levine. Instructional book (spiral bound). With instructional te...(+)
Written by Mark Levine.
Instructional book
(spiral bound). With
instructional text,
musical examples and
black and white photos.
522 pages. Published by
Sher Music Company.
(12)$49.00 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 24 hours - In Stock | | |
| String Quartet No. 2 Quatuor à cordes: 2 violons, alto, violoncelle Theodore Presser Co.
Chamber Music Cello, Viola, Violin 1, Violin 2 SKU: PR.114406980 Vista...(+)
Chamber Music Cello,
Viola, Violin 1, Violin 2
SKU: PR.114406980
Vistas. Composed
by Shulamit Ran. Set of
Score and Parts. With
Standard notation. 42 +
112 pages. Duration 25
minutes. Theodore Presser
Company #114-40698.
Published by Theodore
Presser Company
(PR.114406980). UPC:
680160010806. Shula
mit Ran’s second
string quartet, subtitled
“Vistas,â€
occupies a large canvas
that is cast in a
traditional fourmovement
mold, where the outer
movements present,
explore, and later return
to the work’s
principal musical
materials, surrounding a
slow movement and
scherzo-type third
movement with a trio. In
addition to tempo-based
titles, the individual
movements have subtitles
that are evocative of
each movement’s
character, as follows: I.
Concentric: from the
inside out II. Stasis
III. Flashes IV.
Vistas. My second
string quartet,
“Vistasâ€, is
a work cast in a
traditional four-movement
formal mold, with the
outer movements,
presenting and later
returning to the
work’s principal
musical materials,
surrounding a slow
movement and a
scherzo-type third
movement.While the four
movements’
“properâ€
names -- Maestoso con
forza, Lento, Scherzo
impetuoso, and
Introduzione; Maestoso e
grande – give some
indication of the general
character of the
individual movements, I
have also subtitled, less
formally, each movement
as follows:Â 1)
Concentric:Â from the
inside out 2)Â
Stasis 3) FlashesÂ
4) Vista. The images
evoked by these titles
tell one, I think, a bit
more about the inner
workings of the
quartet.In the first
movement, a prominently
presented opening pitch
(E) reveals itself, as
the movement unfolds, to
be a center of gravity
from which ever-growing
cycles of activity
gradually evolve.Â
While various important
themes come into being as
the movement progresses,
their impact on the
listener has, I believe,
a great deal to do with
their juxtaposition and
relationship to the
initial central point of
gravity.Stasis is, as the
name implies, a movement
where activity seems, at
times, almost
suspended. Being
also, as Webster’s
Dictionary reminds us,
“a state of static
balance and equilibrium
among opposing tendencies
or forces,†it
develops various
materials, including ones
from the first movement,
without bringing them to
points of
resolution.Flashes is
short and very fast,
evoking in my mind the
quick shimmer of
fireflies, a
“sudden burst of
lightâ€, but also a
“brief
timeâ€. Perhaps,
even, a
“smile�Final
ly, the last movement,
Vista, is not only
“a view or
outlookâ€, but also
“a comprehensive
mental view of a series
of remembered or
anticipated
events.â€Â After
a brief recall of the
opening of the second
movement, this movement
brings back all the
important themes of the
first movement in their
original order. But
just as going back can
never really mean going
back in time, the
movement is much more
than recapitulatory.Â
By cutting through
previously transitory
passages and presenting
the main ideas in a
fashion more direct yet
more evolved, it also
sheds new light on
earlier events, offering
a retrospective, synoptic
view of the first
movement as it brings to
culmination the work as a
whole. “Vistasâ
€ was commissioned by
C. Geraldine Freund for
the Taneyev String
Quartet of what was then
Leningrad. It was the
first commission given in
this country to a Soviet
chamber ensemble since
the 1985 cultural
exchange accord between
the Soviet Union and the
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