| Shadowy fish [Conducteur et Parties séparées] Breitkopf & Härtel
Piano Quintet SKU: BR.EB-9399 Hommage a Schubert. Composed by Chri...(+)
Piano Quintet SKU:
BR.EB-9399 Hommage
a Schubert. Composed
by Christian Mason.
Chamber music; stapled.
Edition Breitkopf. Music
post-1945; New music
(post-2000). Score and
parts. Composed 2020. 72
pages. Duration 15'.
Breitkopf and Haertel #EB
9399. Published by
Breitkopf and Haertel
(BR.EB-9399). ISBN
9790004188736. 9 x 12
inches. One of my
favourite pieces of music
as a child - and I still
love it - was Schubert's
Trout Quintet. It was
partly the wonderful
music, of course, so
light-hearted and joyful
on the surface, yet with
twists and turns and
murky depths of feeling
too. But I also liked the
picture of a trout on the
album sleeve - such
beautiful creatures! Last
year, while resident at
the Villa Concordia in
Bamberg, as I took daily
walks along the Regnitz
river, I observed the
trout as they calmly
hovered and swayed in the
shallows... But if they
felt my shadow they were
gone in a split second!
If you ever get a chance
to look closely at brown
trout you see that they
are covered in myriad
brown/red spots of varied
sizes; camouflage I
suppose. Now those
patterns seem to be
mixing in my mind with
the shifting colours of
the spectral arpeggios
that flow through this
little piece. It's a
watery piece, with
rippling waves,
shimmering surfaces and
textural veils around the
melodies which flow
through it. But it also
takes inspiration (and
it's title) from a Pablo
Neruda poem: the third
stanza of Every Day You
Play includes the line
The sky is a net crammed
with shadowy fish.
There's no singer, but I
imagine an invisible or
imaginary voice somewhere
behind (or beyond) the
music, and so the score
includes a melodic
setting of the text. Even
though this is not
performed by a voice, the
melody is always played
by the ensemble -
especially high register
cello - making the piece
something like the
inverse of a song without
words. (Christian
Mason)
World
premiere:
Aix-en-Provence, October
16, 2020 Commissioned by
the Grand Theatre de
Provence -
Aix-en-Provence. $73.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 3 to 4 weeks | | |
| Tone Poem [Conducteur] Theodore Presser Co.
Orchestra Bassoon 1, Bassoon 2, Clarinet 1, Clarinet 2, Contrabass, Flute 1, Flu...(+)
Orchestra Bassoon 1,
Bassoon 2, Clarinet 1,
Clarinet 2, Contrabass,
Flute 1, Flute 2, Horn 1,
Horn 2, Oboe 1, Oboe 2,
Percussion, Viola, Violin
1, Violin 2, Violoncello
SKU: PR.416414390
For Chamber
Orchestra. Composed
by Chen Yi. Premiered by
the Idyllwild Arts
Orchestra, Peter Askim,
conductor. Contemporary.
Full score. With Standard
notation. Composed 2012.
30 pages. Duration 8
minutes. Theodore Presser
Company #416-41439.
Published by Theodore
Presser Company
(PR.416414390). UPC:
680160606917. 8.5 x 11
inches. 2 Flutes, 2
Oboes, 2 Clarinets in Bb,
2 Bassoons, 2 Horns in F,
Percussion,
Strings. The work Tone
Poem is composed for
chamber orchestra, 2
flutes, 2 oboes, 2 B-flat
clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2
French horns, 1
percussion and strings.
The length is about 8
minutes. It is inspired
by two poems by Su
Dong-po (1036-1101) about
southern Chinese
landscape paintings. The
imagination of the two
beautiful ancient Chinese
poems became the sonic
landscape pictures, to
share with my musicians
and audience. The
brimming waves, the sunny
day, The dimming hills,
the rainy haze. The West
Lake as the Beauty Xizi,
Whether she is adorned
richly or plainly. Like
spilt ink dark clouds
spread o'er the hills as
a pall; Like bouncing
pearls the raindrops in
the boat run riot. A
sudden rolling gale comes
and dispels them all,
Below Lake View Pavilion
sky-mirrored water's
quiet. The work Tone
Poem is composed for
chamber orchestra, 2
flutes, 2oboes, 2 B-flat
clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2
French horns, 1
percussion andstrings.
The length is about 8
minutes. It is inspired
by two poems by SuDong-po
(1036-1101) about
southern Chinese
landscape paintings.The
imagination of the two
beautiful ancient Chinese
poems became thesonic
landscape pictures, to
share with my musicians
and audience.The brimming
waves, the sunny day,The
dimming hills, the rainy
haze.The West Lake as the
Beauty Xizi,Whether she
is adorned richly or
plainly.Like spilt ink
dark clouds spread o'er
the hills as a pall;Like
bouncing pearls the
raindrops in the boat run
riot.A sudden rolling
gale comes and dispels
them all,Below Lake View
Pavilion sky-mirrored
water's quiet. $28.99 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 2 to 3 weeks | | |
| Lahara [Conducteur] Breitkopf & Härtel
Percussion and 1 or more inst. SKU: BR.KM-2542 Composed by Christian Maso...(+)
Percussion and 1 or more
inst. SKU:
BR.KM-2542 Composed
by Christian Mason. Solo
instruments; Softbound.
Kammermusik-Bibliothek
(Chamber Music Library).
World premiere:
Gwangju/Corea, November
24, 2016 Music
post-1945; New music
(post-2000). Full score.
Composed 2015. 88 pages.
Duration 13'. Breitkopf
and Haertel #KM 2542.
Published by Breitkopf
and Haertel (BR.KM-2542).
ISBN 9790004504550. 9
x 12 inches. Lahara
- which literally means
'wave' - is a term used
in Indian music to
describe a repeating
melodic phrase that
accompanies table and
pakhawaj solo. In such a
traditional context the
lahara would be played by
a melodic instrument such
as the sarangi,
functioning as a
background against which
the flourishing
virtuosity of the soloist
could evolve. In my piece
this function is also
present in the form of a
long line stated three
times fully in the Thai
gongs, however there is
no virtuosic soloist.
Instead, the musical
evolution (if it is that)
takes the form of a
resonant ceremony enacted
on bell plates and steel
pans, situated not only
on-stage but in four
locations around the
audience. If you want to
look for it, the idea of
waves can also be seen in
other aspects of the
piece: the slow wave of
the gradual progression
of players from the back
of the hall to the front,
which defines the form of
the piece; the waves of
tam-tam crescendi at the
end of each statement of
the lahara; maybe even in
the way that the
foreground melodic
figurations progressively
increase in density over
the course of the piece
until they completely
dominate our perception,
before suddenly
disappearing… And
on a more concrete note
every sound is, after
all, a wave. (Christian
Mason, 2016)
World
premiere: Gwangju/Korea,
The Asian Arts Theatre,
November 24, 2016. $87.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 3 to 4 weeks | | |
| Ballade Piano seul Theodore Presser Co.
Chamber Music Piano SKU: PR.110418250 Composed by Shulamit Ran. Sws. Perf...(+)
Chamber Music Piano
SKU: PR.110418250
Composed by Shulamit Ran.
Sws. Performance Score.
12 pages. Duration 11
minutes. Theodore Presser
Company #110-41825.
Published by Theodore
Presser Company
(PR.110418250). ISBN
9781491133859. UPC:
680160683345. 9 x 12
inches. This
intriguing 11-minute work
builds on alternations
between declamatory
unmetered phrases
(beginning as
“sonorous, rubato,
with great aplomb and
resonanceâ€) and
strictly motoric rhythmic
sections, developing in
waves of increasing drama
and intensity.
Commissioned by the
Naumburg Foundation for
pianist Xiaohui
Yang’s Carnegie
Hall premiere. Ballade
is a one-movement work of
approximately 11 minutes,
divided into three main
parts that are played
without significant
break.Ballade alternates
sections where the
performer is invited to
apply great interpretive
freedom, especially on
the temporal plane, with
contrasting sections that
are quite precise and
rhythmic. Although
carefully notated, the
“freerâ€
sections (often marked
rubato) certainly allude
at times to the kind of
repertoire that is
familiar to most concert
pianists, doing so not by
way of quotation but by
the type of expressivity,
affect, and even
passagework. Thus, the
performer should think of
the score as a
“blueprint,â€
where the many
descriptive words I have
inserted throughout the
score (ranging from
sonorous, rubato, with
great aplomb and
resonance as the work
begins, to with greater
motion, in a series of
ever-expanding
“waves†later
on) are intended to act
as triggers for
one’s sense of
imagination and fantasy
to take off and bring the
music alive! An
inscription in the score
urges the pianist to play
fearlessly and
exuberantly, but also
tenderly! $16.99 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 1 to 2 weeks | | |
| Chant de ceux qui s'en vont sur mer Chorale SSATB [Conducteur] - Intermédiaire Carus Verlag
Composed by Camille Saint- Saens (1835-1921). Arranged by Denis Rouger. Carus ...(+)
Composed by Camille
Saint-
Saens (1835-1921).
Arranged
by Denis Rouger. Carus
digital: Extra digital
products. Full Score.
Composed 1868. Duration 3
minutes. Published by
Carus
Verlag
$5.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 2 to 3 weeks | | |
| Beacon of the Bay Violon et Piano Theodore Presser Co.
Chamber Music Cello, Piano, Violin SKU: PR.114423360 Composed by Stacy Ga...(+)
Chamber Music Cello,
Piano, Violin SKU:
PR.114423360 Composed
by Stacy Garrop. Set of
Score and Parts. 24+12+12
pages. Duration 8:30.
Theodore Presser Company
#114-42336. Published by
Theodore Presser Company
(PR.114423360). UPC:
680160686285. When
the Newport Music
Festival commissioned me
for a piano trio in honor
of their 2021 season, I
looked for a topic that
would celebrate an aspect
of the Newport community.
While researching the
area, I was struck by the
nine lighthouses situated
around the island. The
dual nature of
lighthouses was
particularly appealing to
me: not only do they
serve a vital role in the
navigation of ships
around rocks and land,
but they are also a
beautiful sight,
particularly at night
when their blinking
beacons are clearly
visible to the eye. It
occurred to me that
lighthouses link the past
with the present, and
will endure long into the
future, with their
beacons serving the same
purpose for every
generation.I became
fascinated with the
lighthouse on the
property of Castle Hill
Inn, located at the
opening of the East
Passage of the
Narragansett Bay. This
squat thirty-four foot
granite structure was
erected in 1890 on a very
picturesque spot, right
at the water’s
edge. Its
“characteristic,â
the nautical term
for each
lighthouse’s
unique light sequence
that allows ships to
identify the lighthouse,
is to alternate on for
three seconds, then off
for three seconds. The
lighthouse has also
served as the starting
and finish line for
numerous high profile
yacht races, as well as
survived a massive
hurricane in 1938, though
the lighthouse
keeper’s nearby
residence wasn’t
so lucky. American
novelist Thornton Wilder
wrote much of his 1973
novel Theophilus North
while staying at the
Castle Hill Inn; a
passage from the book
perfectly captures the
dual nature of
lighthouses:“At a
later visit I was able to
engage the pentagonal
room in a turret above
the house; from that
magical room I could see
at night the beacons of
six lighthouses and hear
the booming and chiming
of as many sea
buoys.â€In Beacon of
the Bay, we first hear
the lighthouse’s
characteristic as its
ruby light blinks on and
off. This is followed by
a simple theme that
represents the lighthouse
performing its solitary
duty. As the piece
progresses, we hear waves
playfully lapping around
its base, then yachts
gracefully floating by;
this is followed by a
violent storm that churns
the waves with so much
force that they crash
against the
lighthouse’s
granite body. But the
steadfast lighthouse
holds firm to the rocks,
grandly blinking its ruby
light. The music quiets
back down to its simple
theme, with yachts
sailing by once more as
the piece concludes. $33.99 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 2 to 3 weeks | | |
| Minnewater [Conducteur] Wilhelm Hansen
Score Orchestra SKU: HL.14030970 For Chamber Ensemble Score. Compo...(+)
Score Orchestra SKU:
HL.14030970 For
Chamber Ensemble
Score. Composed by
Bent Sorensen. Music
Sales America. Classical.
Score. Composed 2002. 82
pages. Edition Wilhelm
Hansen #WH30142.
Published by Edition
Wilhelm Hansen
(HL.14030970). ISBN
9788759805725. Work
for Chamber dating from
1988. The composer
writes: MINNEWATER means
'love water'/'love lake',
but when I began to
compose the work, this
direct meaning of the
title was not very
important to me. Rather
the word itself had a
magical sound. Later on,
however, it occurred to
me that the piece was
full of mumbling swells
and swarming cascades,
and the sensation of
water is perhaps most
perceptible towards the
end where lots of falling
water movements are felt
behind the emphasized
rhythmic surface. Falls
that moreover, quite
literally at the end,
sinks into the water.
MINNEWATER has a
subtitle: THOUSANDS OF
CANONS, which directly
refers to a compostion
technique where all
layers and elements in
the music constantly are
imitated; possibly waves
imitating each other? The
mudded and impalpable
beginning of the work
takes its starting point
in one of my earlier
pieces, the sextett LES
TUCHINS (in fact the
first 5 or 6 pages of the
two pieces are quite
identical but in
MINNEWATER it is all
'blown up' to a larger
ensemble). Quite soon,
however, the thread to
LES TUCHINS is cut off
and it goes its own way;
From the mumbling in the
start - through swarming
trills and pointilistic
staccato movements - to a
long section where the
trumpet appears as a
soloist and in a way
conducts the movements of
the remaining ensemble
right to the rhythmic
final section of the
piece. MINNEWATER was
commissioned by the
Danish Radio for the
German Ensemble
Modern. $59.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 2 to 3 weeks | | |
| Soiree en mer Chorale SSATB SSATB, Piano [Conducteur] Carus Verlag
SSATB Choir, Piano SKU: CA.926400 Composed by Camille Saint-Saens. Arrang...(+)
SSATB Choir, Piano
SKU: CA.926400
Composed by Camille
Saint-Saens. Arranged by
Denis Rouger, Denis
Rouger. Carus digital:
Extra digital products.
Full Score. Composed
1862. Op. 13, No. 1.
Duration 5 minutes.
Published by Carus Verlag
(CA.926400). ISBN
9790007261870. French.
Text: Victor
Hugo. In his poem
Soiree en mer, Victor
Hugo describes how the
sea can be perceived very
differently by two lovers
at the same time in the
same place. While the man
perceives the deepening
shadows on the dancing
waves, the woman marvels
at the stars shining ever
brighter in the
firmament. In nature, as
in the words of the poem,
the painful ambiguity
that represents life at
its core can be
experienced. Like no
other poet, Hugo captures
this almost unbearable
simultaneity of living
and dying, of love and
suffering. Saint-Saens
translates this into
music - probably the most
ephemeral and
contemporary of all art
forms. His balanced
musical form leaves
plenty of room for the
poetry and his subtle
variations in timbre,
which also inspired Denis
Rouger to his choral
arrangement, create a
seething motion under the
surface of the
sea.
This art song
was originally composed
not for chamber choir,
but for solo voice and
piano. Denis Rouger has
carefully adapted it to
suit the requirements and
expressive possibilities
offered by a larger
ensemble, without losing
any of the qualities of
the original in the
process. Each part in the
choir has a melodic line
drawn from the harmonic
and rhythmic framework.
In the process, the
variety and refinement of
the choral language
combines with an enormous
flexibility in form and
expression, as French
melodies or German art
song demand from a
soloist and pianist. The
songs have been recorded
by the figure humaine
chamber choir on the CD
...wo die Ztronen bluhn
(Carus 83.514). $7.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 2 to 3 weeks | | |
| On the Beaten Path Batterie [Partition + CD] Alfred Publishing
The Drummer's Guide to Musical Styles and the Legends Who Defined Them. By Rich ...(+)
The Drummer's Guide to
Musical Styles and the
Legends Who Defined Them.
By Rich Lackowski. For
Drum Set. Percussion -
Drum Set Method or
Collection. Instructional
Book and Examples CD. 244
pages. Published by
Alfred Publishing.
(1)$34.99 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 1 to 2 weeks | | |
| Le Jeu Des Vagues Quatuor de Saxophones: 4 saxophones [Conducteur et Parties séparées] - Facile FLEX Editions
Saxophone Quartet Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Baritone Saxophones - Grade 3 SKU: FL...(+)
Saxophone Quartet
Soprano, Alto, Tenor,
Baritone Saxophones -
Grade 3 SKU:
FL.FX071218 Composed
by Alain Lopez.
Classical, Chamber Music.
Score and Set of Parts.
FLEX Editions #FX071218.
Published by FLEX
Editions (FL.FX071218).
As the light
whose reflection in the
water is sometimes broken
by the waves, I used
ascending and descending
movement in the melody.
The pervasive use of
syncopation also enabled
me to exacerbate the
impact felt by the ebb
and flow. $13.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 4 to 6 weeks | | |
| Le Jeu Des Vagues Quatuor de Flûtes : 4 flûtes [Conducteur et Parties séparées] - Facile FLEX Editions
Flute Quartet 4 Flutes - Grade 3 SKU: FL.FX071220 Composed by Alain Lopez...(+)
Flute Quartet 4 Flutes -
Grade 3 SKU:
FL.FX071220 Composed
by Alain Lopez.
Classical, Chamber Music.
Score and Set of Parts.
FLEX Editions #FX071220.
Published by FLEX
Editions (FL.FX071220).
As the light
whose reflection in the
water is sometimes broken
by the waves, I used
ascending and descending
movement in the melody.
The pervasive use of
syncopation also enabled
me to exacerbate the
impact felt by the ebb
and flow. $13.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 4 to 6 weeks | | |
| Le Jeu Des Vagues Quatuor de Clarinettes: 4 clarinettes [Conducteur et Parties séparées] - Facile FLEX Editions
Clarinet Quartet 3 Bb Clarinets, 1 Bass Clarinet - Grade 3 SKU: FL.FX071219(+)
Clarinet Quartet 3 Bb
Clarinets, 1 Bass
Clarinet - Grade 3
SKU: FL.FX071219
Composed by Alain Lopez.
Classical, Chamber Music.
Score and Set of Parts.
FLEX Editions #FX071219.
Published by FLEX
Editions (FL.FX071219).
As the light
whose reflection in the
water is sometimes broken
by the waves, I used
ascending and descending
movement in the melody.
The pervasive use of
syncopation also enabled
me to exacerbate the
impact felt by the ebb
and flow. $13.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 4 to 6 weeks | | |
| In Search of Aquatic Life Flûte traversière Theodore Presser Co.
Chamber Music Flute(s) SKU: PR.144407600 Composed by Jonathan Mitchell. S...(+)
Chamber Music Flute(s)
SKU: PR.144407600
Composed by Jonathan
Mitchell. Sws.
Performance Score.
Duration 6 minutes.
Theodore Presser Company
#144-40760. Published by
Theodore Presser Company
(PR.144407600). ISBN
9781491137987. UPC:
680160692675. 9 x 12
inches. Imagine
searching, searching
underwater, searching for
aquatic life... A
flutistâs soliloquy
captures the
free-floating ebb and
flow of time and
currents, of camouflage
and dazzling flashes of
color. Jonathan
Mitchellâs IN SEARCH
OF AQUATIC LIFE conjures
this fluidity, full of
waves and beautiful
contours for
unaccompanied flutists to
pace with impressionistic
rubato, creating a
six-minute journey
through wherever your
imagination leads. $9.99 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 1 to 2 weeks | | |
| MMM. Meer (mehr) Musik als Malerei Piano seul [Conducteur] Furore Verlag
Piano - Level 2-3 SKU: FV.FUE-10203 Composed by Barbara Heller. Chamber m...(+)
Piano - Level 2-3 SKU:
FV.FUE-10203 Composed
by Barbara Heller.
Chamber music. Score.
Composed 1978. Duration
(2'). Furore Verlag #FUE
10203. Published by
Furore Verlag
(FV.FUE-10203). ISBN
979-0-50182-203-4.
After summer holidays at
the sea, the ears of
Barbara Heller were full
of memories from the
sound of waves, which
always come and go in a
different way but quite
similar. MMM is a good
example for a work in
which the borders between
music and painting
already disappear in the
title. Medium
difficulty. $13.95 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 4 to 6 weeks | | |
| I Thirst Quatuor à cordes: 2 violons, alto, violoncelle [Conducteur] Promethean Editions
Chamber Music String Quartet SKU: PO.ME11 Composed by Robin Walker. Sws. ...(+)
Chamber Music String
Quartet SKU:
PO.ME11 Composed by
Robin Walker. Sws. Full
score. Composed 1999.
Promethean Editions
#ME11. Published by
Promethean Editions
(PO.ME11). ISBN
9780958206518. Walk
er drew inspiration for
this short, slow movement
from I Thirst being the
the fifth of Christ's
last seven words from the
cross - cries of
dereliction and comfort
that are meditated upon
annually at Passiontide.
I Thirst is a ritual of
solo melody, homophony
and biting figuration
whose dessication is, in
due course, quenched by
waves of string
harmonics. The work's
pervading instability is
resolved with the
subduing power of melody
finally bringing
balance. $37.50 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 4 to 6 weeks | | |
| A Little Violin Music in Memory of Elijah McClain Violon Merion Music
Chamber Music Violin SKU: PR.144407380 Composed by Ellen Taaffe Zwilich. ...(+)
Chamber Music Violin
SKU: PR.144407380
Composed by Ellen Taaffe
Zwilich. Performance
Score. 4 pages. Duration
4 minutes. Merion Music
#144-40738. Published by
Merion Music
(PR.144407380). ISBN
9781491133903. UPC:
680160683475. 9 x 12
inches. In her
powerful Foreword to the
music, violinist Kelly
Hall-Tompkins has
written: “There are
great works which give
voice to important
moments for generations,
and this is one of
them.†The tragedy
of Elijah
McClain’s murder
has moved us all, and for
many musicians the image
of this gentle young man
playing his violin for
kittens at an animal
shelter has added a
poignant extra layer.
Zwilich was a
professional violinist
before turning
exclusively to composing,
and A LITTLE VIOLIN MUSIC
is a memorial from the
heart of one violinist to
another. [THESE NOTES
MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED
OUTSIDE OF THE
PUBLICATION; OK TO QUOTE
A BIT AND GIVE AUTHOR
CREDIT]We often research
important pieces of music
to gain some glimpse into
the mind of the composer
by understanding the
times in which a piece
was written. The times
that brought this piece
into being, 2020, has
been a year like no other
in our lifetimes.With the
suffering of a once in a
century pandemic raging
in ever higher waves, and
millions of people around
the world confined to
their homes with a shared
attention span for the
first time in
generations, we watched
in horror the 8 minute 46
second killing of George
Floyd, a man previously
unknown to us, but now
unwillingly joining a
long list of names of
unarmed African Americans
killed by police. The
anguished backlash of
citizens around the
world, from Japan to New
Zealand to Germany to the
United States, of every
age, color, and creed,
has rallied for weeks and
months on end to demand
enough and that
“Black Lives
Matter.â€And yet, in
the midst of it all is an
America starkly divided
against itself with some
defiantly pushing back,
emboldened by
authoritarian-style
government actions
against its own citizens
occurring all over the
country. It is against
this backdrop that we
ever had a chance to know
of Elijah McClain. Here
in quarantine I sometimes
practice my scales in
front of the news. And
one day the mirror image
looking back at me from
the screen was a slight
young man, warm, affable
brown eyes, and also a
violin under his chin.
The newsreel-style camera
pan so familiar now, I
knew the only reason we
were gazing upon his
unfamous face was that he
too had been killed by
police nearly a year
before. But the
revelation of it in the
broadcast hit me
particularly hard.Ellen
Taaffe Zwilich, who is
not only one of the great
composers of our time, is
also a dear friend, and
called me the next day,
also deeply saddened by
the news. It was from
Ellen that I learned that
Elijah used to play for
the kittens at the local
animal shelter so they
wouldn’t be
lonely. This kind, gentle
soul was aggressively
taken into police custody
while saying, “I am
an introvert. Please
respect the boundaries
that I am speaking...
I’m going
home.†He was never
seen alive again.Ellen
and I spoke of the
sadness and the injustice
of this several times.
She felt a powerful
calling to contribute
something in a statement
and the result is the
piece you now hold in
your hands. I am deeply
honored to be the
dedicatee of the piece,
to have worked together
with Ellen on some of the
final details, and to pen
this score note. As an
invited alumna of the
Eastman School of Music,
I premiered the work for
their virtual event on
Diversity and Inclusion.
Each time I play it,
there is a persistent
lump in my throat because
Ellen has captured
something poignant and
powerful here.There are
great works which give
voice to important
moments for generations,
and this is one of them.
We humbly offer this
piece in memory of Elijah
McClain.Foreword ©
2021 by Kelly
Hall-Tompkins. Used by
permission. $9.50 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 1 to 2 weeks | | |
| Three Scenes of Childhood Piano seul Promethean Editions
Chamber Music Piano SKU: PO.PE153 Composed by Vincent Ho. Performance Sco...(+)
Chamber Music Piano
SKU: PO.PE153
Composed by Vincent Ho.
Performance Score.
Promethean Editions
#PE153. Published by
Promethean Editions
(PO.PE153). ISBN
9781877564536. Ho
evokes a day in the life
of a young child through
rapid waves of
chromaticism, with
restless time signatures
keeping things tumbling
forward. Fists and
forearms are employed as
little tempers flare,
while elsewhere respite
is found in the drift of
sleep, notes twinkling
rubato-like in the
piano's upper
register. $36.25 - Voir plus => AcheterDélais: 4 to 6 weeks | | |
| Transcriptions of Lieder Piano seul Carl Fischer
Chamber Music Piano SKU: CF.PL1056 Composed by Clara Wieck-Schumann, Fran...(+)
Chamber Music Piano
SKU: CF.PL1056
Composed by Clara
Wieck-Schumann, Franz
Schubert, and Robert
Schumann. Edited by
Nicholas Hopkins.
Collection. With Standard
notation. 128 pages. Carl
Fischer Music #PL1056.
Published by Carl Fischer
Music (CF.PL1056).
ISBN 9781491153390.
UPC: 680160910892.
Transcribed by Franz
Liszt. Introduction
It is true that Schubert
himself is somewhat to
blame for the very
unsatisfactory manner in
which his admirable piano
pieces are treated. He
was too immoderately
productive, wrote
incessantly, mixing
insignificant with
important things, grand
things with mediocre
work, paid no heed to
criticism, and always
soared on his wings. Like
a bird in the air, he
lived in music and sang
in angelic fashion.
--Franz Liszt, letter to
Dr. S. Lebert (1868) Of
those compositions that
greatly interest me,
there are only Chopin's
and yours. --Franz Liszt,
letter to Robert Schumann
(1838) She [Clara
Schumann] was astounded
at hearing me. Her
compositions are really
very remarkable,
especially for a woman.
There is a hundred times
more creativity and real
feeling in them than in
all the past and present
fantasias by Thalberg.
--Franz Liszt, letter to
Marie d'Agoult (1838)
Chretien Urhan
(1790-1845) was a
Belgian-born violinist,
organist and composer who
flourished in the musical
life of Paris in the
early nineteenth century.
According to various
accounts, he was deeply
religious, harshly
ascetic and wildly
eccentric, though revered
by many important and
influential members of
the Parisian musical
community. Regrettably,
history has forgotten
Urhan's many musical
achievements, the most
important of which was
arguably his pioneering
work in promoting the
music of Franz Schubert.
He devoted much of his
energies to championing
Schubert's music, which
at the time was unknown
outside of Vienna.
Undoubtedly, Urhan was
responsible for
stimulating this
enthusiasm in Franz
Liszt; Liszt regularly
heard Urhan's organ
playing in the
St.-Vincent-de-Paul
church in Paris, and the
two became personal
acquaintances. At
eighteen years of age,
Liszt was on the verge of
establishing himself as
the foremost pianist in
Europe, and this
awakening to Schubert's
music would prove to be a
profound experience.
Liszt's first travels
outside of his native
provincial Hungary were
to Vienna in 1821-1823,
where his father enrolled
him in studies with Carl
Czerny (piano) and
Antonio Salieri (music
theory). Both men had
important involvements
with Schubert; Czerny
(like Urhan) as performer
and advocate of
Schubert's music and
Salieri as his theory and
composition teacher from
1813-1817. Curiously,
Liszt and Schubert never
met personally, despite
their geographical
proximity in Vienna
during these years.
Inevitably, legends later
arose that the two had
been personal
acquaintances, although
Liszt would dismiss these
as fallacious: I never
knew Schubert personally,
he was once quoted as
saying. Liszt's initial
exposure to Schubert's
music was the Lieder,
what Urhan prized most of
all. He accompanied the
tenor Benedict
Randhartinger in numerous
performances of
Schubert's Lieder and
then, perhaps realizing
that he could benefit the
composer more on his own
terms, transcribed a
number of the Lieder for
piano solo. Many of these
transcriptions he would
perform himself on
concert tour during the
so-called Glanzzeit, or
time of splendor from
1839-1847. This publicity
did much to promote
reception of Schubert's
music throughout Europe.
Once Liszt retired from
the concert stage and
settled in Weimar as a
conductor in the 1840s,
he continued to perform
Schubert's orchestral
music, his Symphony No. 9
being a particular
favorite, and is credited
with giving the world
premiere performance of
Schubert's opera Alfonso
und Estrella in 1854. At
this time, he
contemplated writing a
biography of the
composer, which
regrettably remained
uncompleted. Liszt's
devotion to Schubert
would never waver.
Liszt's relationship with
Robert and Clara Schumann
was far different and far
more complicated; by
contrast, they were all
personal acquaintances.
What began as a
relationship of mutual
respect and admiration
soon deteriorated into
one of jealousy and
hostility, particularly
on the Schumann's part.
Liszt's initial contact
with Robert's music
happened long before they
had met personally, when
Liszt published an
analysis of Schumann's
piano music for the
Gazette musicale in 1837,
a gesture that earned
Robert's deep
appreciation. In the
following year Clara met
Liszt during a concert
tour in Vienna and
presented him with more
of Schumann's piano
music. Clara and her
father Friedrich Wieck,
who accompanied Clara on
her concert tours, were
quite taken by Liszt: We
have heard Liszt. He can
be compared to no other
player...he arouses
fright and astonishment.
His appearance at the
piano is indescribable.
He is an original...he is
absorbed by the piano.
Liszt, too, was impressed
with Clara--at first the
energy, intelligence and
accuracy of her piano
playing and later her
compositions--to the
extent that he dedicated
to her the 1838 version
of his Etudes d'execution
transcendante d'apres
Paganini. Liszt had a
closer personal
relationship with Clara
than with Robert until
the two men finally met
in 1840. Schumann was
astounded by Liszt's
piano playing. He wrote
to Clara that Liszt had
played like a god and had
inspired indescribable
furor of applause. His
review of Liszt even
included a heroic
personification with
Napoleon. In Leipzig,
Schumann was deeply
impressed with Liszt's
interpretations of his
Noveletten, Op. 21 and
Fantasy in C Major, Op.
17 (dedicated to Liszt),
enthusiastically
observing that, I feel as
if I had known you twenty
years. Yet a variety of
events followed that
diminished Liszt's glory
in the eyes of the
Schumanns. They became
critical of the cult-like
atmosphere that arose
around his recitals, or
Lisztomania as it came to
be called; conceivably,
this could be attributed
to professional jealousy.
Clara, in particular,
came to loathe Liszt,
noting in a letter to
Joseph Joachim, I despise
Liszt from the depths of
my soul. She recorded a
stunning diary entry a
day after Liszt's death,
in which she noted, He
was an eminent keyboard
virtuoso, but a dangerous
example for the
young...As a composer he
was terrible. By
contrast, Liszt did not
share in these negative
sentiments; no evidence
suggests that he had any
ill-regard for the
Schumanns. In Weimar, he
did much to promote
Schumann's music,
conducting performances
of his Scenes from Faust
and Manfred, during a
time in which few
orchestras expressed
interest, and premiered
his opera Genoveva. He
later arranged a benefit
concert for Clara
following Robert's death,
featuring Clara as
soloist in Robert's Piano
Concerto, an event that
must have been
exhilarating to witness.
Regardless, her opinion
of him would never
change, despite his
repeated gestures of
courtesy and respect.
Liszt's relationship with
Schubert was a spiritual
one, with music being the
one and only link between
the two men. That with
the Schumanns was
personal, with music
influenced by a hero
worship that would
aggravate the
relationship over time.
Nonetheless, Liszt would
remain devoted to and
enthusiastic for the
music and achievements of
these composers. He would
be a vital force in
disseminating their music
to a wider audience, as
he would be with many
other composers
throughout his career.
His primary means for
accomplishing this was
the piano transcription.
Liszt and the
Transcription
Transcription versus
Paraphrase Transcription
and paraphrase were
popular terms in
nineteenth-century music,
although certainly not
unique to this period.
Musicians understood that
there were clear
distinctions between
these two terms, but as
is often the case these
distinctions could be
blurred. Transcription,
literally writing over,
entails reworking or
adapting a piece of music
for a performance medium
different from that of
its original; arrangement
is a possible synonym.
Adapting is a key part of
this process, for the
success of a
transcription relies on
the transcriber's ability
to adapt the piece to the
different medium. As a
result, the pre-existing
material is generally
kept intact, recognizable
and intelligible; it is
strict, literal,
objective. Contextual
meaning is maintained in
the process, as are
elements of style and
form. Paraphrase, by
contrast, implies
restating something in a
different manner, as in a
rewording of a document
for reasons of clarity.
In nineteenth-century
music, paraphrasing
indicated elaborating a
piece for purposes of
expressive virtuosity,
often as a vehicle for
showmanship. Variation is
an important element, for
the source material may
be varied as much as the
paraphraser's imagination
will allow; its purpose
is metamorphosis.
Transcription is adapting
and arranging;
paraphrasing is
transforming and
reworking. Transcription
preserves the style of
the original; paraphrase
absorbs the original into
a different style.
Transcription highlights
the original composer;
paraphrase highlights the
paraphraser.
Approximately half of
Liszt's compositional
output falls under the
category of transcription
and paraphrase; it is
noteworthy that he never
used the term
arrangement. Much of his
early compositional
activities were
transcriptions and
paraphrases of works of
other composers, such as
the symphonies of
Beethoven and Berlioz,
vocal music by Schubert,
and operas by Donizetti
and Bellini. It is
conceivable that he
focused so intently on
work of this nature early
in his career as a means
to perfect his
compositional technique,
although transcription
and paraphrase continued
well after the technique
had been mastered; this
might explain why he
drastically revised and
rewrote many of his
original compositions
from the 1830s (such as
the Transcendental Etudes
and Paganini Etudes) in
the 1850s. Charles Rosen,
a sympathetic interpreter
of Liszt's piano works,
observes, The new
revisions of the
Transcendental Etudes are
not revisions but concert
paraphrases of the old,
and their art lies in the
technique of
transformation. The
Paganini etudes are piano
transcriptions of violin
etudes, and the
Transcendental Etudes are
piano transcriptions of
piano etudes. The
principles are the same.
He concludes by noting,
Paraphrase has shaded off
into
composition...Composition
and paraphrase were not
identical for him, but
they were so closely
interwoven that
separation is impossible.
The significance of
transcription and
paraphrase for Liszt the
composer cannot be
overstated, and the
mutual influence of each
needs to be better
understood. Undoubtedly,
Liszt the composer as we
know him today would be
far different had he not
devoted so much of his
career to transcribing
and paraphrasing the
music of others. He was
perhaps one of the first
composers to contend that
transcription and
paraphrase could be
genuine art forms on
equal par with original
pieces; he even claimed
to be the first to use
these two terms to
describe these classes of
arrangements. Despite the
success that Liszt
achieved with this type
of work, others viewed it
with circumspection and
criticism. Robert
Schumann, although deeply
impressed with Liszt's
keyboard virtuosity, was
harsh in his criticisms
of the transcriptions.
Schumann interpreted them
as indicators that
Liszt's virtuosity had
hindered his
compositional development
and suggested that Liszt
transcribed the music of
others to compensate for
his own compositional
deficiencies.
Nonetheless, Liszt's
piano transcriptions,
what he sometimes called
partitions de piano (or
piano scores), were
instrumental in promoting
composers whose music was
unknown at the time or
inaccessible in areas
outside of major European
capitals, areas that
Liszt willingly toured
during his Glanzzeit. To
this end, the
transcriptions had to be
literal arrangements for
the piano; a Beethoven
symphony could not be
introduced to an
unknowing audience if its
music had been subjected
to imaginative
elaborations and
variations. The same
would be true of the 1833
transcription of
Berlioz's Symphonie
fantastique (composed
only three years
earlier), the
astonishingly novel
content of which would
necessitate a literal and
intelligible rendering.
Opera, usually more
popular and accessible
for the general public,
was a different matter,
and in this realm Liszt
could paraphrase the
original and manipulate
it as his imagination
would allow without
jeopardizing its
reception; hence, the
paraphrases on the operas
of Bellini, Donizetti,
Mozart, Meyerbeer and
Verdi. Reminiscence was
another term coined by
Liszt for the opera
paraphrases, as if the
composer were reminiscing
at the keyboard following
a memorable evening at
the opera. Illustration
(reserved on two
occasions for Meyerbeer)
and fantasy were
additional terms. The
operas of Wagner were
exceptions. His music was
less suited to paraphrase
due to its general lack
of familiarity at the
time. Transcription of
Wagner's music was thus
obligatory, as it was of
Beethoven's and Berlioz's
music; perhaps the
composer himself insisted
on this approach. Liszt's
Lieder Transcriptions
Liszt's initial
encounters with
Schubert's music, as
mentioned previously,
were with the Lieder. His
first transcription of a
Schubert Lied was Die
Rose in 1833, followed by
Lob der Tranen in 1837.
Thirty-nine additional
transcriptions appeared
at a rapid pace over the
following three years,
and in 1846, the Schubert
Lieder transcriptions
would conclude, by which
point he had completed
fifty-eight, the most of
any composer. Critical
response to these
transcriptions was highly
favorable--aside from the
view held by
Schumann--particularly
when Liszt himself played
these pieces in concert.
Some were published
immediately by Anton
Diabelli, famous for the
theme that inspired
Beethoven's variations.
Others were published by
the Viennese publisher
Tobias Haslinger (one of
Beethoven's and
Schubert's publishers in
the 1820s), who sold his
reserves so quickly that
he would repeatedly plead
for more. However,
Liszt's enthusiasm for
work of this nature soon
became exhausted, as he
noted in a letter of 1839
to the publisher
Breitkopf und Hartel:
That good Haslinger
overwhelms me with
Schubert. I have just
sent him twenty-four new
songs (Schwanengesang and
Winterreise), and for the
moment I am rather tired
of this work. Haslinger
was justified in his
demands, for the Schubert
transcriptions were
received with great
enthusiasm. One Gottfried
Wilhelm Fink, then editor
of the Allgemeine
musikalische Zeitung,
observed of these
transcriptions: Nothing
in recent memory has
caused such sensation and
enjoyment in both
pianists and audiences as
these arrangements...The
demand for them has in no
way been satisfied; and
it will not be until
these arrangements are
seen on pianos
everywhere. They have
indeed made quite a
splash. Eduard Hanslick,
never a sympathetic
critic of Liszt's music,
acknowledged thirty years
after the fact that,
Liszt's transcriptions of
Schubert Lieder were
epoch-making. There was
hardly a concert in which
Liszt did not have to
play one or two of
them--even when they were
not listed on the
program. These
transcriptions quickly
became some of his most
sough-after pieces,
despite their extreme
technical demands.
Leading pianists of the
day, such as Clara Wieck
and Sigismond Thalberg,
incorporated them into
their concert programs
immediately upon
publication. Moreover,
the transcriptions would
serve as inspirations for
other composers, such as
Stephen Heller, Cesar
Franck and later Leopold
Godowsky, all of whom
produced their own
transcriptions of
Schubert's Lieder. Liszt
would transcribe the
Lieder of other composers
as well, including those
by Mendelssohn, Chopin,
Anton Rubinstein and even
himself. Robert Schumann,
of course, would not be
ignored. The first
transcription of a
Schumann Lied was the
celebrated Widmung from
Myrten in 1848, the only
Schumann transcription
that Liszt completed
during the composer's
lifetime. (Regrettably,
there is no evidence of
Schumann's regard of this
transcription, or even if
he was aware of it.) From
the years 1848-1881,
Liszt transcribed twelve
of Robert Schumann's
Lieder (including one
orchestral Lied) and
three of Clara (one from
each of her three
published Lieder cycles);
he would transcribe no
other works of these two
composers. The Schumann
Lieder transcriptions,
contrary to those of
Schubert, are literal
arrangements, posing, in
general, far fewer
demands on the pianist's
technique. They are
comparatively less
imaginative in their
treatment of the original
material. Additionally,
they seem to have been
less valued in their day
than the Schubert
transcriptions, and it is
noteworthy that none of
the Schumann
transcriptions bear
dedications, as most of
the Schubert
transcriptions do. The
greatest challenge posed
by Lieder transcriptions,
regardless of the
composer or the nature of
the transcription, was to
combine the vocal and
piano parts of the
original such that the
character of each would
be preserved, a challenge
unique to this form of
transcription. Each part
had to be intact and
aurally recognizable, the
vocal line in particular.
Complications could be
manifold in a Lied that
featured dissimilar
parts, such as Schubert's
Auf dem Wasser zu singen,
whose piano accompaniment
depicts the rocking of
the boat on the
shimmering waves while
the vocal line reflects
on the passing of time.
Similar complications
would be encountered in
Gretchen am Spinnrade, in
which the ubiquitous
sixteenth-note pattern in
the piano's right hand
epitomizes the
ever-turning spinning
wheel over which the
soprano voice expresses
feelings of longing and
heartache. The resulting
transcriptions for solo
piano would place
exceptional demands on
the pianist. The
complications would be
far less imposing in
instances in which voice
and piano were less
differentiated, as in
many of Schumann's Lieder
that Liszt transcribed.
The piano parts in these
Lieder are true
accompaniments for the
voice, providing harmonic
foundation and rhythmic
support by doubling the
vocal line throughout.
The transcriptions, thus,
are strict and literal,
with far fewer demands on
both pianist and
transcriber. In all of
Liszt's Lieder
transcriptions,
regardless of the way in
which the two parts are
combined, the melody
(i.e. the vocal line) is
invariably the focal
point; the melody should
sing on the piano, as if
it were the voice. The
piano part, although
integral to contributing
to the character of the
music, is designed to
function as
accompaniment. A singing
melody was a crucial
objective in
nineteenth-century piano
performance, which in
part might explain the
zeal in transcribing and
paraphrasing vocal music
for the piano. Friedrich
Wieck, father and teacher
of Clara Schumann,
stressed this point
repeatedly in his 1853
treatise Clavier und
Gesang (Piano and Song):
When I speak in general
of singing, I refer to
that species of singing
which is a form of
beauty, and which is a
foundation for the most
refined and most perfect
interpretation of music;
and, above all things, I
consider the culture of
beautiful tones the basis
for the finest possible
touch on the piano. In
many respects, the piano
and singing should
explain and supplement
each other. They should
mutually assist in
expressing the sublime
and the noble, in forms
of unclouded beauty. Much
of Liszt's piano music
should be interpreted
with this concept in
mind, the Lieder
transcriptions and opera
paraphrases, in
particular. To this end,
Liszt provided numerous
written instructions to
the performer to
emphasize the vocal line
in performance, with
Italian directives such
as un poco marcato il
canto, accentuato assai
il canto and ben
pronunziato il canto.
Repeated indications of
cantando,singend and
espressivo il canto
stress the significance
of the singing tone. As
an additional means of
achieving this and
providing the performer
with access to the
poetry, Liszt insisted,
at what must have been a
publishing novelty at the
time, on printing the
words of the Lied in the
music itself. Haslinger,
seemingly oblivious to
Liszt's intent, initially
printed the poems of the
early Schubert
transcriptions separately
inside the front covers.
Liszt argued that the
transcriptions must be
reprinted with the words
underlying the notes,
exactly as Schubert had
done, a request that was
honored by printing the
words above the
right-hand staff. Liszt
also incorporated a
visual scheme for
distinguishing voice and
accompaniment, influenced
perhaps by Chopin, by
notating the
accompaniment in cue
size. His transcription
of Robert Schumann's
Fruhlings Ankunft
features the vocal line
in normal size, the piano
accompaniment in reduced
size, an unmistakable
guide in a busy texture
as to which part should
be emphasized: Example 1.
Schumann-Liszt Fruhlings
Ankunft, mm. 1-2. The
same practice may be
found in the
transcription of
Schumann's An die Turen
will ich schleichen. In
this piece, the performer
must read three staves,
in which the baritone
line in the central staff
is to be shared between
the two hands based on
the stem direction of the
notes: Example 2.
Schumann-Liszt An die
Turen will ich
schleichen, mm. 1-5. This
notational practice is
extremely beneficial in
this instance, given the
challenge of reading
three staves and the
manner in which the vocal
line is performed by the
two hands. Curiously,
Liszt did not use this
practice in other
transcriptions.
Approaches in Lieder
Transcription Liszt
adopted a variety of
approaches in his Lieder
transcriptions, based on
the nature of the source
material, the ways in
which the vocal and piano
parts could be combined
and the ways in which the
vocal part could sing.
One approach, common with
strophic Lieder, in which
the vocal line would be
identical in each verse,
was to vary the register
of the vocal part. The
transcription of Lob der
Tranen, for example,
incorporates three of the
four verses of the
original Lied, with the
register of the vocal
line ascending one octave
with each verse (from low
to high), as if three
different voices were
participating. By the
conclusion, the music
encompasses the entire
range of Liszt's keyboard
to produce a stunning
climactic effect, and the
variety of register of
the vocal line provides a
welcome textural variety
in the absence of the
words. The three verses
of the transcription of
Auf dem Wasser zu singen
follow the same approach,
in which the vocal line
ascends from the tenor,
to the alto and to the
soprano registers with
each verse.
Fruhlingsglaube adopts
the opposite approach, in
which the vocal line
descends from soprano in
verse 1 to tenor in verse
2, with the second part
of verse 2 again resuming
the soprano register;
this is also the case in
Das Wandern from
Mullerlieder. Gretchen am
Spinnrade posed a unique
problem. Since the poem's
narrator is female, and
the poem represents an
expression of her longing
for her lover Faust,
variation of the vocal
line's register, strictly
speaking, would have been
impractical. For this
reason, the vocal line
remains in its original
register throughout,
relentlessly colliding
with the sixteenth-note
pattern of the
accompaniment. One
exception may be found in
the fifth and final verse
in mm. 93-112, at which
point the vocal line is
notated in a higher
register and doubled in
octaves. This sudden
textural change, one that
is readily audible, was a
strategic means to
underscore Gretchen's
mounting anxiety (My
bosom urges itself toward
him. Ah, might I grasp
and hold him! And kiss
him as I would wish, at
his kisses I should
die!). The transcription,
thus, becomes a vehicle
for maximizing the
emotional content of the
poem, an exceptional
undertaking with the
general intent of a
transcription. Registral
variation of the vocal
part also plays a crucial
role in the transcription
of Erlkonig. Goethe's
poem depicts the death of
a child who is
apprehended by a
supernatural Erlking, and
Schubert, recognizing the
dramatic nature of the
poem, carefully depicted
the characters (father,
son and Erlking) through
unique vocal writing and
accompaniment patterns:
the Lied is a dramatic
entity. Liszt, in turn,
followed Schubert's
characterization in this
literal transcription,
yet took it an additional
step by placing the
register of the father's
vocal line in the
baritone range, that of
the son in the soprano
range and that of the
Erlking in the highest
register, options that
would not have been
available in the version
for voice and piano.
Additionally, Liszt
labeled each appearance
of each character in the
score, a means for
guiding the performer in
interpreting the dramatic
qualities of the Lied. As
a result, the drama and
energy of the poem are
enhanced in this
transcription; as with
Gretchen am Spinnrade,
the transcriber has
maximized the content of
the original. Elaboration
may be found in certain
Lieder transcriptions
that expand the
performance to a level of
virtuosity not found in
the original; in such
cases, the transcription
approximates the
paraphrase. Schubert's Du
bist die Ruh, a paradigm
of musical simplicity,
features an uncomplicated
piano accompaniment that
is virtually identical in
each verse. In Liszt's
transcription, the
material is subjected to
a highly virtuosic
treatment that far
exceeds the original,
including a demanding
passage for the left hand
alone in the opening
measures and unique
textural writing in each
verse. The piece is a
transcription in
virtuosity; its art, as
Rosen noted, lies in the
technique of
transformation.
Elaboration may entail an
expansion of the musical
form, as in the extensive
introduction to Die
Forelle and a virtuosic
middle section (mm.
63-85), both of which are
not in the original. Also
unique to this
transcription are two
cadenzas that Liszt
composed in response to
the poetic content. The
first, in m. 93 on the
words und eh ich es
gedacht (and before I
could guess it), features
a twisted chromatic
passage that prolongs and
thereby heightens the
listener's suspense as to
the fate of the trout
(which is ultimately
caught). The second, in
m. 108 on the words
Betrogne an (and my blood
boiled as I saw the
betrayed one), features a
rush of
diminished-seventh
arpeggios in both hands,
epitomizing the poet's
rage at the fisherman for
catching the trout. Less
frequent are instances in
which the length of the
original Lied was
shortened in the
transcription, a tendency
that may be found with
certain strophic Lieder
(e.g., Der Leiermann,
Wasserflut and Das
Wandern). Another
transcription that
demonstrates Liszt's
readiness to modify the
original in the interests
of the poetic content is
Standchen, the seventh
transcription from
Schubert's
Schwanengesang. Adapted
from Act II of
Shakespeare's Cymbeline,
the poem represents the
repeated beckoning of a
man to his lover. Liszt
transformed the Lied into
a miniature drama by
transcribing the vocal
line of the first verse
in the soprano register,
that of the second verse
in the baritone register,
in effect, creating a
dialogue between the two
lovers. In mm. 71-102,
the dialogue becomes a
canon, with one voice
trailing the other like
an echo (as labeled in
the score) at the
distance of a beat. As in
other instances, the
transcription resembles
the paraphrase, and it is
perhaps for this reason
that Liszt provided an
ossia version that is
more in the nature of a
literal transcription.
The ossia version, six
measures shorter than
Schubert's original, is
less demanding
technically than the
original transcription,
thus representing an
ossia of transcription
and an ossia of piano
technique. The Schumann
Lieder transcriptions, in
general, display a less
imaginative treatment of
the source material.
Elaborations are less
frequently encountered,
and virtuosity is more
restricted, as if the
passage of time had
somewhat tamed the
composer's approach to
transcriptions;
alternatively, Liszt was
eager to distance himself
from the fierce
virtuosity of his early
years. In most instances,
these transcriptions are
literal arrangements of
the source material, with
the vocal line in its
original form combined
with the accompaniment,
which often doubles the
vocal line in the
original Lied. Widmung,
the first of the Schumann
transcriptions, is one
exception in the way it
recalls the virtuosity of
the Schubert
transcriptions of the
1830s. Particularly
striking is the closing
section (mm. 58-73), in
which material of the
opening verse (right
hand) is combined with
the triplet quarter notes
(left hand) from the
second section of the
Lied (mm. 32-43), as if
the transcriber were
attempting to reconcile
the different material of
these two sections.
Fruhlingsnacht resembles
a paraphrase by
presenting each of the
two verses in differing
registers (alto for verse
1, mm. 3-19, and soprano
for verse 2, mm. 20-31)
and by concluding with a
virtuosic section that
considerably extends the
length of the original
Lied. The original
tonalities of the Lieder
were generally retained
in the transcriptions,
showing that the tonality
was an important part of
the transcription
process. The infrequent
instances of
transposition were done
for specific reasons. In
1861, Liszt transcribed
two of Schumann's Lieder,
one from Op. 36 (An den
Sonnenschein), another
from Op. 27 (Dem roten
Roslein), and merged
these two pieces in the
collection 2 Lieder; they
share only the common
tonality of A major. His
choice for combining
these two Lieder remains
unknown, but he clearly
recognized that some
tonal variety would be
needed, for which reason
Dem roten Roslein was
transposed to C>= major.
The collection features
An den Sonnenschein in A
major (with a transition
to the new tonality),
followed by Dem roten
Roslein in C>= major
(without a change of key
signature), and
concluding with a reprise
of An den Sonnenschein in
A major. A three-part
form was thus established
with tonal variety
provided by keys in third
relations (A-C>=-A); in
effect, two of Schumann's
Lieder were transcribed
into an archetypal song
without words. In other
instances, Liszt treated
tonality and tonal
organization as important
structural ingredients,
particularly in the
transcriptions of
Schubert's Lieder cycles,
i.e. Schwanengesang,
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