Orchestra String Orchestra - Grade 2-2.5

SKU: CF.YAS13F

Composed by Muzio Clementi. Arranged by Douglas Townsend. Carl Fischer Young String Orchestra Series. Classical. Full score. With Standard notation. 12 pages. Carl Fischer Music #YAS13F. Published by Carl Fischer Music (CF.YAS13F).

ISBN 9780825848339. UPC: 798408048334. 8.5 X 11 inches. Key: G major.

IApart from some of his Sonatinas, Opus 36, Clementi's life and music are hardly known to the piano teachers and students of today. For example, in addition to the above mentioned Sonatinas, Clementi wrote sixty sonatas for the piano, many of them unjustly neglected, although his friend Beethoven regarded some of them very highly. Clementi also wrote symphonies (some of which he arranged as piano sonatas), a substantial number of waltzes and other dances for the piano as well as sonatas and sonatinas for piano four-hands.In addition to composing, Clementi was a much sought after piano teacher, and included among his students John Field (Father of the 'Nocturne'), and Meyerbeer.In his later years, Clementi became a very successful music publisher, publishing among other works the first English edition of Beethoven's Violin Concerto, in the great composer's own arrangement for the piano, as well as some of his string quartets. Clementi was also one of the first English piano manufacturers to make pianos with a metal frame and string them with wire.The Sonatina in C, Opus 36, No. 1 was one of six such works Clementi wrote in 1797. He must have been partial to these little pieces (for which he also provided the fingerings), since they were reissued (without the fingering) by the composer shortly after 1801. About 1820, he issued ''the sixth edition, with considerable improvements by the author;· with fingerings added and several minor changes, among which were that many of them were written an octave higher.IIIt has often been said, generally by those unhampered by the facts, that composers of the past (and, dare we add, the present?), usually handled their financial affairs with their public and publishers with a poor sense of business acumen or common sense. As a result they frequently found themselves in financial straits.Contrary to popular opinion, this was the exception rather than the rule. With the exception of Mozart and perhaps a few other composers, the majority of composers then, as now, were quite successful in their dealings with the public and their publishers, as the following examples will show.It was not unusual for 18th- and 19th-century composers to arrange some of their more popular compositions for different combinations of instruments in order to increase their availability to a larger music-playing public. Telemann, in the introduction to his seventy-two cantatas for solo voice and one melody instrument (flute, oboe or violin, with the usual continua) Der Harmonische Gottesdienst, tor example, suggests that if a singer is not available to perform a cantata the voice part could be played by another instrument. And in the introduction to his Six Concertos and Six Suites for flute, violin and continua, he named four different instrumental combinations that could perform these pieces, and actually wrote out the notes for the different possibilities. Bach arranged his violin concertos for keyboard, and Beethoven not only arranged his Piano Sonata in E Major, Opus 14, No. 1 for string quartet, he also transposed it to the key of F. Brahm's well-known Quintet in F Minor for piano and strings was his own arrangement of his earlier sonata for two pianos, also in F Minor.IIIWe come now to Clementi. It is well known that some of his sixty piano sonatas were his own arrangements of some of his lost symphonies, and that some of his rondos for piano four-hands were originally the last movements of his solo sonatas or piano trios.In order to make the first movement of his delightful Sonatina in C, Opus 36, No. 1 accessible to young string players, I have followed the example established by the composer himself by arranging and transposing one of his piano compositions from one medium (the piano) to another. (string instruments). In order to simplify the work for young string players, in the process of adapting it to the new medium it was necessary to transpose it from the original key of C to G, thereby doing away with some of the difficulties they would have encountered in the original key. The first violin and cello parts are similar to the right- and left-hand parts of the original piano version. The few changes I have made in these parts have been for the convenience of the string players, but in no way do they change the nature of the music.Since the original implied a harmonic framework in many places, I have added a second violin and viola part in such a way that they not only have interesting music to play, but also fill in some of the implied harmony without in any way detracting from the composition's musical value. Occasionally, it has been necessary to raise or lower a few passages an octave or to modify others slightly to make them more accessible for young players.It is hoped that the musical value of the composition has not been too compromised, and that students and teachers will come to enjoy this little piece in its new setting as much as pianists have in the original one. This arrangement may also be performed by a solo string quartet. When performed by a string orchestra, the double bass part may be omitted.- Douglas TownsendString editing by Amy Rosen.

About Carl Fischer Young String Orchestra Series

Thi s series of Grade 2/Grade 2.5 pieces is designed for second and third year ensembles. The pieces in this series are characterized by:
--Occasionally extending to third position
--Keys carefully considered for appropriate difficulty
--Addition of separate 2nd violin and viola parts
--Viola T.C. part included
--Increase in independence of parts over beginning levels

Orchestra String Orchestra - Grade 2-2.5

SKU: CF.YAS41

Composed by Larry Clark. Carl Fischer Young String Orchestra Series. Score and Parts. With Standard notation. 16+10+16+4+10+10+4+12 pages. Carl Fischer Music #YAS41. Published by Carl Fischer Music (CF.YAS41).

ISBN 9780825861291. UPC: 798408061296. 8.5 X 11 inches. Key: G major.

Larry Clark does it again with this tuneful new feel good piece. You and your students will walk away humming this tune. There is even a nice contrasting lyrical middle section in the relative minor to break up the piece.
Solstice: one of two times in the year when the sun is at its greatest distancefrom the celestial equator.A solstice happens at the mid-point of summer, about June 21, and the midpoint of winter, about December 22. Each of those times of year is delightful. The carefree days of summer have just begun around June 21, when the mind wanders to long bike rides or walks on the beach. During the winter solstice the mind is filled with all of the delights that the holiday season has to offer. Either way, a solstice is a joyous and fun filled time of year, and this piece is intended to bring to mind some of these wonderful times. The main theme should be performed in a light carefree manner, which is then contrasted by the more lyrical and passionate middle section.As with all of my pieces for younger students, the tempo indicated is merely a guide. Adjust the tempo to fit the needs of your students. It has been my pleasure to have the opportunity to write this piece. I hope you and your students enjoy it and find it useful for your program.

About Carl Fischer Young String Orchestra Series

Thi s series of Grade 2/Grade 2.5 pieces is designed for second and third year ensembles. The pieces in this series are characterized by:
--Occasionally extending to third position
--Keys carefully considered for appropriate difficulty
--Addition of separate 2nd violin and viola parts
--Viola T.C. part included
--Increase in independence of parts over beginning levels

By Stan Getz and Beaux Arts String Ensemble. By Eddie Sauter. Edited by Rob Duboff, Jeffrey Sultanof, Alex Chilowicz, and Andrew Homzy. Arranged by Eddie Sauter. For string ensemble (score and parts) (Soloist (parts in concert, B-flat, and E-flat), Violin I (8 parts), Violin II (8 parts), Viola (5 Parts), Cello (5 Parts) , Double Bass (3 Parts), Harp, Piano/Celeste, Percussion (Snare Drum, Marimba, Tambourine)). Advanced. Score and parts. Published by Jazz Lines Publications

Orchestra String Orchestra - Grade 1.5-2

SKU: CF.FAS27

Composed by Larry Clark. Carl Fischer First Plus String Orchestra Series. Score and Parts. With Standard notation. 8+8+5+5+5+2+8 pages. Carl Fischer Music #FAS27. Published by Carl Fischer Music (CF.FAS27).

ISBN 9780825854835. UPC: 798408054830. 8.5 X 11 inches. Key: D major.

The title depicts the uplifting nature of the piece that inspires young players to have confidence and respect while living with character and integrity. The music is characterized by strong melodic intervals of fourths and fifths and dynamic contrasts, a Larry Clark signature that has made his music so popular. In addition, every player is an important part of the music. This is a perfect showpiece for developing groups for concerts or festivals.
As a former teacher I always tried to use the experience of playing in an ensemble to teach students about being good people first b having confidence, being respectful, living with character and integrity. I choose to write music with titles that will stimulate students to strive for this high standard and I have tried to write pieces that will somehow musically depict these values. Integrity is one such piece. I hope you will find the main theme to be uplifting and with musical integrity, but within the reach of developing students. My themes usually are characterized by strong melodic intervals of fourths and fifths and this piece is no exception. It is also my goal when writing music for younger students to provide every section in the ensemble a chance to play important melodic material at some point in the piece. In my humble opinion, if students are given music they like to play they will want to practice it over and over again. The tempo markings and bowings indicated are only there as a guide and should be adjusted to the needs of your students. It has been my pleasure to have the opportunity to write this piece. I hope that you and your students find it useful for your program. LARRY CLARK Lakeland, Florida 2004.
As a former teacher I always tried to use the experience of playing in an ensemble to teach students about being good people first b having confidence, being respectful, living with character and integrity. I choose to write music with titles that will stimulate students to strive for this high standard and I have tried to write pieces that will somehow musically depict these values.A Integrity is one such piece. I hope you will find the main theme to be uplifting and with musical integrity, but within the reach of developing students. My themes usually are characterized by strong melodic intervals of fourths and fifths and this piece is no exception. It is also my goal when writing music for younger students to provide every section in the ensemble a chance to play important melodic material at some point in the piece. In my humble opinion, if students are given music they like to play they will want to practice it over and over again. The tempo markings and bowings indicated are only there as a guide and should be adjusted to the needs of your students. It has been my pleasure to have the opportunity to write this piece. I hope that you and your students find it useful for your program. LARRY CLARK Lakeland, Florida 2004.
As a former teacher I always tried to use the experience of playing in an ensemble to teach students about being good people first b having confidence, being respectful, living with character and integrity. I choose to write music with titles that will stimulate students to strive for this high standard and I have tried to write pieces that will somehow musically depict these values. Integrity is one such piece. I hope you will find the main theme to be uplifting and with musical integrity, but within the reach of developing students. My themes usually are characterized by strong melodic intervals of fourths and fifths and this piece is no exception. It is also my goal when writing music for younger students to provide every section in the ensemble a chance to play important melodic material at some point in the piece. In my humble opinion, if students are given music they like to play they will want to practice it over and over again. The tempo markings and bowings indicated are only there as a guide and should be adjusted to the needs of your students. It has been my pleasure to have the opportunity to write this piece. I hope that you and your students find it useful for your program. LARRY CLARK Lakeland, Florida 2004.
As a former teacher I always tried to use the experience of playing in an ensemble to teach students about being good people first b having confidence, being respectful, living with character and integrity. I choose to write music with titles that will stimulate students to strive for this high standard and I have tried to write pieces that will somehow musically depict these values. Integrity is one such piece.I hope you will find the main theme to be uplifting and with musical integrity, but within the reach of developing students. My themes usually are characterized by strong melodic intervals of fourths and fifths and this piece is no exception. It is also my goal when writing music for younger students to provide every section in the ensemble a chance to play important melodic material at some point in the piece. In my humble opinion, if students are given music they like to play they will want to practice it over and over again.The tempo markings and bowings indicated are only there as a guide and should be adjusted to the needs of your students.It has been my pleasure to have the opportunity to write this piece. I hope that you and your students find it useful for your program.LARRY CLARKLakeland, Florida 2004.

Orchestra String Orchestra - Grade 1.5-2

SKU: CF.FAS11

Composed by Larry Clark. FS SWS. Carl Fischer First Plus String Orchestra Series. Classical. Score and Parts. With Standard notation. 8+8+5+5+5+2+8 pages. Carl Fischer Music #FAS11. Published by Carl Fischer Music (CF.FAS11).

ISBN 9780825845048. UPC: 798408045043. 8.5 X 11 inches. Key: G major.

This outstanding original from Larry Clark can be played any time of year! A vigorous theme moves through all the sections and violas combine with second violins for prominent solo passages. A section in minor adds to the drama as strong rhythmic chords give way to a subdued tremolo in the first violins, reminiscent of Vivaldi's Winter This music reaches a level of intensity your players and audience will love.
Out of the Winter is a musical depiction of the many moods of winter from its harsh storms to its simple beauty. The composition is based on a central main theme that is musically developed throughout the composition presented in and out of major and minor keys.The main theme begins right away without introduction and is set to depict the simple delicate beauty of a light falling snow. The theme is then developed in the minor key using simple contrapuntal techniques that give the composition a fresh sound for pieces at this grade level. The aggressive development of the piece is a musical description of a powerful winter storm. The tension of this section is built to a climax using simple divisi in the strongs and some poly-chordal harmonic techniques that give way to a final return of the main theme to complete the piece.Special care should be given to exaggerating the contrast between the two diverse sections of the piece. The main theme should be light and uplifting. The second section with the theme in minor should have an ominous presence, but still be reminiscent of the original light main theme. As with all of my compositions at this grade level, adjust the tempo to fit the ability level of your students. It is hope that this piece helps to reinforce the concepts of good musicianship which you are trying to instill in your students. Bowings should be used as a guide and should be adjusted to your needs.It has been my pleasure to have had the opportunity to write this piece. I hope that you and your students find it useful for your program.

Orchestra String Orchestra - Medium Easy/Medium

SKU: CF.CAS22

Composed by Larry Clark. Carl Fischer Concert String Orchestra Series. Score and Parts. With Standard notation. 12 pages. Carl Fischer Music #CAS22. Published by Carl Fischer Music (CF.CAS22).

ISBN 9780825858208. UPC: 798408058203. 8.5 X 11 inches. Key: G major.

The fast paced rondo has a Dorian flavored melody with hints of quartel (based on an interval of a fourth) harmony to give it a contemporary sound The players are presented with solo opportunities as well as harmonic turns and twists that will keep them.
Rondo in the Nick of Time was originally the third movement for a woodwind quintet piece that I wrote in 1990. I have always been fond of this little piece and felt that it would adapt well to larger ensembles. I have also scored this piece for band as part of a suite called Upon a New Horizon.The main theme is based on the Dorian Mode. The use of quartal harmony makes up most of the harmonic material. Each statement of the theme is followed by an episode that increases in length each time. There is a sudden change of style and tempo in the middle of the piece, where fragments of the theme are developed. The title is a play-on-words, since the work contains hemiola effects that alter the feel of the time.As with all of my pieces for strings, the bowings are given only as a reference. Feel free to alter them to fit the needs of your students. I have indicated a rather fast tempo for the piece. I really like the piece to fly, but it will work and sound fine at a slower tempo as well. Just endeavor to keep their energy moving forward.It has been my pleasure to have the opportunity to write this piece. I hope that you and your students enjoy it and find it useful in your program.-Larry ClarkLakeland, FL. 2005.

About Carl Fischer Concert String Orchestra Series

Thi s series of pieces (Grade 3 and higher) is designed for advancing ensembles. The pieces in this series are characterized by:

• Expanded use of rhythms, ranges and keys but technical demands are still carefully considered
• More comprehensive bowing techniques
• Viola T.C. included
• Careful selection of keys and degree of difficulty for advancing musicians

Orchestra String Orchestra - Grade 1.5-2

SKU: CF.FAS21

Composed by Larry Clark. Edited by Amy Rosen. SWS - FS. Carl Fischer First Plus String Orchestra Series. Classical. Score and Parts. With Standard notation. 8+8+2+5+5+5+2+8 pages. Carl Fischer Music #FAS21. Published by Carl Fischer Music (CF.FAS21).

ISBN 9780825853067. UPC: 798408053062. 8.5 X 11 inches. Key: B minor.

Characte r was composed to introduce young string players to contemporary harmonic techniques while still being within the technical limitations of the developing student. Quartal and quintal harmonies open the composition with a fanfare gesture that ties the piece together. This is followed by an ostinato in the first violins that contains a tricky figuration between G and A that will work the pinky finger on the D-string. Players who are not capable of maneuvering their pinky at this brisk tempo should play the lower part. The main theme is given to the inner voice for a change! After the main theme there is a development section that combines fragments of the fanfare material with fragments of the main theme. A grand pause and then a stronger statement of the main theme then follow this with the first violins up an octave. The piece is then completed with a short coda containing fragments of the ostinato and fanfare material. It feels natural for the tempo to speed up slightly at this point in the piece. As with all of my pieces at this level, the tempo is merely a suggestion and should be adjusted slower or faster to fit the needs of your students and the performance situation. It has been my pleasure to have the opportunity to write this piece. I hope you and your students enjoy it and find it useful for your program. -Larry Clark New York, NY 2003.
Character was composed to introduce young string players to contemporary harmonic techniques while still being within the technical limitations of the developing student. Quartal and quintal harmonies open the composition with a fanfare gesture that ties the piece together. This is followed by an ostinato in the first violins that contains a tricky figuration between G and A that will work the pinky finger on the D-string. Players who are not capable of maneuvering their pinky at this brisk tempo should play the lower part. The main theme is given to the inner voice for a change! After the main theme there is a development section that combines fragments of the fanfare material with fragments of the main theme. A grand pause and then a stronger statement of the main theme then follow this with the first violins up an octave. The piece is then completed with a short coda containing fragments of the ostinato and fanfare material. It feels natural for the tempo to speed up slightly at this point in the piece. As with all of my pieces at this level, the tempo is merely a suggestion and should be adjusted slower or faster to fit the needs of your students and the performance situation. It has been my pleasure to have the opportunity to write this piece. I hope you and your students enjoy it and find it useful for your program. -Larry Clark New York, NY 2003.
Character was composed to introduce young string players to contemporary harmonic techniques while still being within the technical limitations of the developing student. Quartal and quintal harmonies open the composition with a fanfare gesture that ties the piece together. This is followed by an ostinato in the first violins that contains a tricky figuration between G and A that will work the pinky finger on the D-string. Players who are not capable of maneuvering their pinky at this brisk tempo should play the lower part. The main theme is given to the inner voice for a change! After the main theme there is a development section that combines fragments of the fanfare material with fragments of the main theme. A grand pause and then a stronger statement of the main theme then follow this with the first violins up an octave. The piece is then completed with a short coda containing fragments of the ostinato and fanfare material. It feels natural for the tempo to speed up slightly at this point in the piece.As with all of my pieces at this level, the tempo is merely a suggestion and should be adjusted slower or faster to fit the needs of your students and the performance situation.It has been my pleasure to have the opportunity to write this piece. I hope you and your students enjoy it and find it useful for your program.-Larry ClarkNew York, NY 2003.

By Larry Clark. For string orchestra. Carl Fischer First Plus String Orchestra Series. Grade 1.5-2. Score and parts. Published by Carl Fischer

Orchestra String Orchestra - Grade 2.5; Grade 3

SKU: FJ.ST6529

Composed by Brian Balmages. Series; String Orchestra. FJH Developing Strings. Score and Part(s). The FJH Music Company Inc #98-ST6529. Published by The FJH Music Company Inc (FJ.ST6529).

UPC: 241444435472. English.

Pay it forward with this message of hope, joy and beauty. Inspired by a sidewalk chalk message, the uplifting music reminds us that we each bring something unique and valuable to the world. Simple time signatures combine with a driving, syncopated rhythmic background to create a work that is spirited and forever joyful!

About FJH Developing Strings

Sl ightly more advanced than Beginning Strings, this series begins to involve more position work and a slightly more complex rhythmic figures. Rehearsal piano is often provided. Ideal for middle school and smaller high school programs. Grade 2 - 2.5

Orchestra String Orchestra - Grade 1.5-2

SKU: CF.FAS43

Composed by Larry Clark. Carl Fischer First Plus String Orchestra Series. Classical. Score and Parts. With Standard notation. 8 pages. Carl Fischer Music #FAS43. Published by Carl Fischer Music (CF.FAS43).

ISBN 9780825863387. UPC: 798408063382. 8.5 X 11 inches. Key: E minor.

Titled by the students of J. T. Lambert Middle School in East Stroudsburg, PA, which commissioned the original version for band, this brilliant, heavily accented piece emphasizes rhythmic alertness and attention to dynamic contrasts. Bold fanfare writing alternates with lyrical writing of considerable warmth and the spiccato style of playing is introduced.
The title for Dance of the Thunderbolts was suggested by students at J. T. Lambert Middle School in East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. This piece was originally commissioned for the sixth-grade band at the school in 2003 and has now been transcribed for string orchestra. The students specifically asked for the piece to be “a strong powerful piece with lots of accents and a strong abrupt ending.” As you can see and hear, the piece contains many of these aspects. After the title was suggested I came up with the thunderbolt dance section of the piece first stated at m. 24. Later during the compositional process I decided to frame this theme with a more lyrical theme, but one that still contains the sparkle of the staccato ostinato that is layered together with the elongated theme. Following the thunderbolt dance at m.24 is a short interlude to soften the sound before a return of the theme in fragments traded between different sections and in different tessituras. The lyrical theme returns and is followed by “a strong abrupt ending” as suggested by the students. As with all of my pieces at this level, the tempo is merely a suggestion and should be adjusted slower or faster to fit the needs of your students and the performance situation.It has been my pleasure to have the opportunity to write this piece. I hope you and your students enjoy it and find it useful for your program.—Larry ClarkLakeland, FL 2007.

Orchestra String Orchestra - Medium Easy/Medium

SKU: CF.CAS34F

Composed by Sean O'Loughlin. SWS. Carl Fischer Concert String Orchestra Series. Classical. Full score. With Standard notation. 12 pages. Carl Fischer Music #CAS34F. Published by Carl Fischer Music (CF.CAS34F).

ISBN 9780825861062. UPC: 798408061067. 8.5 X 11 inches. Key: E minor.

Cliffhanger is a programmatic work for string orchestra that harkens back to the days of silent film. One of the lasting images of that time period is the Saturday afternoon matinee, where each episode ended on a cliffhanger until it could be continued next week. This piece tells the familiar story of the damsel in distress who is tied up to the train tracks as a train is approaching. Nicely done!.
Cliffhanger is a programmatic work for string orchestra that harkens back to the days of silent film. One of the lasting images of that time period is the Saturday- afternoon matinee, where each episode ended on a cliffhanger until it could be continued next week. This piece tells the familiar story of the damsel in distress who is tied up to the train tracks as a train is approaching.The opening of the piece sets the scene with danger and desperation. By m. 6, our hero is making his way on horseback to rescue the fair maiden. This main melody is developed and passed around the ensemble until m. 36, at which point despair sets in. The music is rich with romantic harmonies and inner lines. Be sure to bring out these inner lines to add to the passion and drama of the moment. It continues to build until a thunderous arrival at m. 49. From there we return to our hero, who is now getting close to the train tracks to save the fair maiden. The tension becomes the highest at m. 61, when we are still not sure if our hero will make it in time. But alas, at m. 68 he swoops in to save the day and rescue the fair maiden. Of course, they live happily ever after.My hope is that your ensemble will have some fun with this style of music. It was adapted from an arrangement I wrote for the new pipe organ at the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles. They wanted some scary train music to show children how the organ was used back before movies had sound. Strings provide a heightened sense of drama with this genre of music.

About Carl Fischer Concert String Orchestra Series

Thi s series of pieces (Grade 3 and higher) is designed for advancing ensembles. The pieces in this series are characterized by:

• Expanded use of rhythms, ranges and keys but technical demands are still carefully considered
• More comprehensive bowing techniques
• Viola T.C. included
• Careful selection of keys and degree of difficulty for advancing musicians

Arranged by Carrie Lane Gruselle. Orchestra. For String Orchestra. String Orchestra. Highland String Orchestra. African-American; Folk Song; Spiritual. 2.5 (grade 2.5). Score. 12 pages

Arranged by Carrie Lane Gruselle. Orchestra. String Orchestra. Highland String Orchestra. Folk; Multicultural; Spiritual. Grade 2.5. Conductor Score and Parts. 124 pages

Orchestra String Orchestra - Grade 1.5-2

SKU: CF.FAS2

Composed by Larry Clark. SWS - FS. Carl Fischer First Plus String Orchestra Series. Score and Parts. With Standard notation. 8+8+5+5+2+5+8 pages. Carl Fischer Music #FAS2. Published by Carl Fischer Music (CF.FAS2).

ISBN 9780825840753. UPC: 798408040758. 8.5 X 11 inches. Key: E minor.

Expressive playing, some simple counterpoint, and a touch of pizzicato characterize this contemporary sounding but accessible piece in two contrasting sections, slow and lively. Duration: 3'15.
The definition of Air is a tune or melody, but often it is used to describe a piece that is lyrical in nature, as in the first section of this piece. The next section of the piece is called Caprice, which is the French word for capriccio. The term capriccio has been used as the title for a variety of different types of works throughout music history. It is used here in its literal definition which describes the fanciful, capricious nature of the second section of the piece.As part of the development of the piece, the minor material from the Air is used as bridge material in the Caprice section. The Air and Caprice should be very contrasting in style. Play the Air very sustained and chorale-like and the Caprice, light with forward motion. The tempo of the Caprice should not be too fast; however, the tempo can be adjusted down to accommodate the ability level of your ensemble. Bowings have not been over-marked, and no slurs are used; feel free to alter it if necessary.It has been my pleasure to have had the opportunity to write this piece. I hope that you and your students find it useful for your program.