Chamber Music Piano SKU: CF.PL1056 Composed by Clara Wieck-Schumann, Fran...(+)
Chamber Music Piano
SKU: CF.PL1056
Composed by Clara
Wieck-Schumann, Franz
Schubert, and Robert
Schumann. Edited by
Nicholas Hopkins.
Collection. With Standard
notation. 128 pages. Carl
Fischer Music #PL1056.
Published by Carl Fischer
Music (CF.PL1056).
ISBN 9781491153390.
UPC: 680160910892.
Transcribed by Franz
Liszt.
Introduction
It is true that Schubert
himself is somewhat to
blame for the very
unsatisfactory manner in
which his admirable piano
pieces are treated. He
was too immoderately
productive, wrote
incessantly, mixing
insignificant with
important things, grand
things with mediocre
work, paid no heed to
criticism, and always
soared on his wings. Like
a bird in the air, he
lived in music and sang
in angelic fashion.
--Franz Liszt, letter to
Dr. S. Lebert (1868) Of
those compositions that
greatly interest me,
there are only Chopin's
and yours. --Franz Liszt,
letter to Robert Schumann
(1838) She [Clara
Schumann] was astounded
at hearing me. Her
compositions are really
very remarkable,
especially for a woman.
There is a hundred times
more creativity and real
feeling in them than in
all the past and present
fantasias by Thalberg.
--Franz Liszt, letter to
Marie d'Agoult (1838)
Chretien Urhan
(1790-1845) was a
Belgian-born violinist,
organist and composer who
flourished in the musical
life of Paris in the
early nineteenth century.
According to various
accounts, he was deeply
religious, harshly
ascetic and wildly
eccentric, though revered
by many important and
influential members of
the Parisian musical
community. Regrettably,
history has forgotten
Urhan's many musical
achievements, the most
important of which was
arguably his pioneering
work in promoting the
music of Franz Schubert.
He devoted much of his
energies to championing
Schubert's music, which
at the time was unknown
outside of Vienna.
Undoubtedly, Urhan was
responsible for
stimulating this
enthusiasm in Franz
Liszt; Liszt regularly
heard Urhan's organ
playing in the
St.-Vincent-de-Paul
church in Paris, and the
two became personal
acquaintances. At
eighteen years of age,
Liszt was on the verge of
establishing himself as
the foremost pianist in
Europe, and this
awakening to Schubert's
music would prove to be a
profound experience.
Liszt's first travels
outside of his native
provincial Hungary were
to Vienna in 1821-1823,
where his father enrolled
him in studies with Carl
Czerny (piano) and
Antonio Salieri (music
theory). Both men had
important involvements
with Schubert; Czerny
(like Urhan) as performer
and advocate of
Schubert's music and
Salieri as his theory and
composition teacher from
1813-1817. Curiously,
Liszt and Schubert never
met personally, despite
their geographical
proximity in Vienna
during these years.
Inevitably, legends later
arose that the two had
been personal
acquaintances, although
Liszt would dismiss these
as fallacious: I never
knew Schubert personally,
he was once quoted as
saying. Liszt's initial
exposure to Schubert's
music was the Lieder,
what Urhan prized most of
all. He accompanied the
tenor Benedict
Randhartinger in numerous
performances of
Schubert's Lieder and
then, perhaps realizing
that he could benefit the
composer more on his own
terms, transcribed a
number of the Lieder for
piano solo. Many of these
transcriptions he would
perform himself on
concert tour during the
so-called Glanzzeit, or
time of splendor from
1839-1847. This publicity
did much to promote
reception of Schubert's
music throughout Europe.
Once Liszt retired from
the concert stage and
settled in Weimar as a
conductor in the 1840s,
he continued to perform
Schubert's orchestral
music, his Symphony No. 9
being a particular
favorite, and is credited
with giving the world
premiere performance of
Schubert's opera Alfonso
und Estrella in 1854. At
this time, he
contemplated writing a
biography of the
composer, which
regrettably remained
uncompleted. Liszt's
devotion to Schubert
would never waver.
Liszt's relationship with
Robert and Clara Schumann
was far different and far
more complicated; by
contrast, they were all
personal acquaintances.
What began as a
relationship of mutual
respect and admiration
soon deteriorated into
one of jealousy and
hostility, particularly
on the Schumann's part.
Liszt's initial contact
with Robert's music
happened long before they
had met personally, when
Liszt published an
analysis of Schumann's
piano music for the
Gazette musicale in 1837,
a gesture that earned
Robert's deep
appreciation. In the
following year Clara met
Liszt during a concert
tour in Vienna and
presented him with more
of Schumann's piano
music. Clara and her
father Friedrich Wieck,
who accompanied Clara on
her concert tours, were
quite taken by Liszt: We
have heard Liszt. He can
be compared to no other
player...he arouses
fright and astonishment.
His appearance at the
piano is indescribable.
He is an original...he is
absorbed by the piano.
Liszt, too, was impressed
with Clara--at first the
energy, intelligence and
accuracy of her piano
playing and later her
compositions--to the
extent that he dedicated
to her the 1838 version
of his Etudes d'execution
transcendante d'apres
Paganini. Liszt had a
closer personal
relationship with Clara
than with Robert until
the two men finally met
in 1840. Schumann was
astounded by Liszt's
piano playing. He wrote
to Clara that Liszt had
played like a god and had
inspired indescribable
furor of applause. His
review of Liszt even
included a heroic
personification with
Napoleon. In Leipzig,
Schumann was deeply
impressed with Liszt's
interpretations of his
Noveletten, Op. 21 and
Fantasy in C Major, Op.
17 (dedicated to Liszt),
enthusiastically
observing that, I feel as
if I had known you twenty
years. Yet a variety of
events followed that
diminished Liszt's glory
in the eyes of the
Schumanns. They became
critical of the cult-like
atmosphere that arose
around his recitals, or
Lisztomania as it came to
be called; conceivably,
this could be attributed
to professional jealousy.
Clara, in particular,
came to loathe Liszt,
noting in a letter to
Joseph Joachim, I despise
Liszt from the depths of
my soul. She recorded a
stunning diary entry a
day after Liszt's death,
in which she noted, He
was an eminent keyboard
virtuoso, but a dangerous
example for the
young...As a composer he
was terrible. By
contrast, Liszt did not
share in these negative
sentiments; no evidence
suggests that he had any
ill-regard for the
Schumanns. In Weimar, he
did much to promote
Schumann's music,
conducting performances
of his Scenes from Faust
and Manfred, during a
time in which few
orchestras expressed
interest, and premiered
his opera Genoveva. He
later arranged a benefit
concert for Clara
following Robert's death,
featuring Clara as
soloist in Robert's Piano
Concerto, an event that
must have been
exhilarating to witness.
Regardless, her opinion
of him would never
change, despite his
repeated gestures of
courtesy and respect.
Liszt's relationship with
Schubert was a spiritual
one, with music being the
one and only link between
the two men. That with
the Schumanns was
personal, with music
influenced by a hero
worship that would
aggravate the
relationship over time.
Nonetheless, Liszt would
remain devoted to and
enthusiastic for the
music and achievements of
these composers. He would
be a vital force in
disseminating their music
to a wider audience, as
he would be with many
other composers
throughout his career.
His primary means for
accomplishing this was
the piano transcription.
Liszt and the
Transcription
Transcription versus
Paraphrase Transcription
and paraphrase were
popular terms in
nineteenth-century music,
although certainly not
unique to this period.
Musicians understood that
there were clear
distinctions between
these two terms, but as
is often the case these
distinctions could be
blurred. Transcription,
literally writing over,
entails reworking or
adapting a piece of music
for a performance medium
different from that of
its original; arrangement
is a possible synonym.
Adapting is a key part of
this process, for the
success of a
transcription relies on
the transcriber's ability
to adapt the piece to the
different medium. As a
result, the pre-existing
material is generally
kept intact, recognizable
and intelligible; it is
strict, literal,
objective. Contextual
meaning is maintained in
the process, as are
elements of style and
form. Paraphrase, by
contrast, implies
restating something in a
different manner, as in a
rewording of a document
for reasons of clarity.
In nineteenth-century
music, paraphrasing
indicated elaborating a
piece for purposes of
expressive virtuosity,
often as a vehicle for
showmanship. Variation is
an important element, for
the source material may
be varied as much as the
paraphraser's imagination
will allow; its purpose
is metamorphosis.
Transcription is adapting
and arranging;
paraphrasing is
transforming and
reworking. Transcription
preserves the style of
the original; paraphrase
absorbs the original into
a different style.
Transcription highlights
the original composer;
paraphrase highlights the
paraphraser.
Approximately half of
Liszt's compositional
output falls under the
category of transcription
and paraphrase; it is
noteworthy that he never
used the term
arrangement. Much of his
early compositional
activities were
transcriptions and
paraphrases of works of
other composers, such as
the symphonies of
Beethoven and Berlioz,
vocal music by Schubert,
and operas by Donizetti
and Bellini. It is
conceivable that he
focused so intently on
work of this nature early
in his career as a means
to perfect his
compositional technique,
although transcription
and paraphrase continued
well after the technique
had been mastered; this
might explain why he
drastically revised and
rewrote many of his
original compositions
from the 1830s (such as
the Transcendental Etudes
and Paganini Etudes) in
the 1850s. Charles Rosen,
a sympathetic interpreter
of Liszt's piano works,
observes, The new
revisions of the
Transcendental Etudes are
not revisions but concert
paraphrases of the old,
and their art lies in the
technique of
transformation. The
Paganini etudes are piano
transcriptions of violin
etudes, and the
Transcendental Etudes are
piano transcriptions of
piano etudes. The
principles are the same.
He concludes by noting,
Paraphrase has shaded off
into
composition...Composition
and paraphrase were not
identical for him, but
they were so closely
interwoven that
separation is impossible.
The significance of
transcription and
paraphrase for Liszt the
composer cannot be
overstated, and the
mutual influence of each
needs to be better
understood. Undoubtedly,
Liszt the composer as we
know him today would be
far different had he not
devoted so much of his
career to transcribing
and paraphrasing the
music of others. He was
perhaps one of the first
composers to contend that
transcription and
paraphrase could be
genuine art forms on
equal par with original
pieces; he even claimed
to be the first to use
these two terms to
describe these classes of
arrangements. Despite the
success that Liszt
achieved with this type
of work, others viewed it
with circumspection and
criticism. Robert
Schumann, although deeply
impressed with Liszt's
keyboard virtuosity, was
harsh in his criticisms
of the transcriptions.
Schumann interpreted them
as indicators that
Liszt's virtuosity had
hindered his
compositional development
and suggested that Liszt
transcribed the music of
others to compensate for
his own compositional
deficiencies.
Nonetheless, Liszt's
piano transcriptions,
what he sometimes called
partitions de piano (or
piano scores), were
instrumental in promoting
composers whose music was
unknown at the time or
inaccessible in areas
outside of major European
capitals, areas that
Liszt willingly toured
during his Glanzzeit. To
this end, the
transcriptions had to be
literal arrangements for
the piano; a Beethoven
symphony could not be
introduced to an
unknowing audience if its
music had been subjected
to imaginative
elaborations and
variations. The same
would be true of the 1833
transcription of
Berlioz's Symphonie
fantastique (composed
only three years
earlier), the
astonishingly novel
content of which would
necessitate a literal and
intelligible rendering.
Opera, usually more
popular and accessible
for the general public,
was a different matter,
and in this realm Liszt
could paraphrase the
original and manipulate
it as his imagination
would allow without
jeopardizing its
reception; hence, the
paraphrases on the operas
of Bellini, Donizetti,
Mozart, Meyerbeer and
Verdi. Reminiscence was
another term coined by
Liszt for the opera
paraphrases, as if the
composer were reminiscing
at the keyboard following
a memorable evening at
the opera. Illustration
(reserved on two
occasions for Meyerbeer)
and fantasy were
additional terms. The
operas of Wagner were
exceptions. His music was
less suited to paraphrase
due to its general lack
of familiarity at the
time. Transcription of
Wagner's music was thus
obligatory, as it was of
Beethoven's and Berlioz's
music; perhaps the
composer himself insisted
on this approach. Liszt's
Lieder Transcriptions
Liszt's initial
encounters with
Schubert's music, as
mentioned previously,
were with the Lieder. His
first transcription of a
Schubert Lied was Die
Rose in 1833, followed by
Lob der Tranen in 1837.
Thirty-nine additional
transcriptions appeared
at a rapid pace over the
following three years,
and in 1846, the Schubert
Lieder transcriptions
would conclude, by which
point he had completed
fifty-eight, the most of
any composer. Critical
response to these
transcriptions was highly
favorable--aside from the
view held by
Schumann--particularly
when Liszt himself played
these pieces in concert.
Some were published
immediately by Anton
Diabelli, famous for the
theme that inspired
Beethoven's variations.
Others were published by
the Viennese publisher
Tobias Haslinger (one of
Beethoven's and
Schubert's publishers in
the 1820s), who sold his
reserves so quickly that
he would repeatedly plead
for more. However,
Liszt's enthusiasm for
work of this nature soon
became exhausted, as he
noted in a letter of 1839
to the publisher
Breitkopf und Hartel:
That good Haslinger
overwhelms me with
Schubert. I have just
sent him twenty-four new
songs (Schwanengesang and
Winterreise), and for the
moment I am rather tired
of this work. Haslinger
was justified in his
demands, for the Schubert
transcriptions were
received with great
enthusiasm. One Gottfried
Wilhelm Fink, then editor
of the Allgemeine
musikalische Zeitung,
observed of these
transcriptions: Nothing
in recent memory has
caused such sensation and
enjoyment in both
pianists and audiences as
these arrangements...The
demand for them has in no
way been satisfied; and
it will not be until
these arrangements are
seen on pianos
everywhere. They have
indeed made quite a
splash. Eduard Hanslick,
never a sympathetic
critic of Liszt's music,
acknowledged thirty years
after the fact that,
Liszt's transcriptions of
Schubert Lieder were
epoch-making. There was
hardly a concert in which
Liszt did not have to
play one or two of
them--even when they were
not listed on the
program. These
transcriptions quickly
became some of his most
sough-after pieces,
despite their extreme
technical demands.
Leading pianists of the
day, such as Clara Wieck
and Sigismond Thalberg,
incorporated them into
their concert programs
immediately upon
publication. Moreover,
the transcriptions would
serve as inspirations for
other composers, such as
Stephen Heller, Cesar
Franck and later Leopold
Godowsky, all of whom
produced their own
transcriptions of
Schubert's Lieder. Liszt
would transcribe the
Lieder of other composers
as well, including those
by Mendelssohn, Chopin,
Anton Rubinstein and even
himself. Robert Schumann,
of course, would not be
ignored. The first
transcription of a
Schumann Lied was the
celebrated Widmung from
Myrten in 1848, the only
Schumann transcription
that Liszt completed
during the composer's
lifetime. (Regrettably,
there is no evidence of
Schumann's regard of this
transcription, or even if
he was aware of it.) From
the years 1848-1881,
Liszt transcribed twelve
of Robert Schumann's
Lieder (including one
orchestral Lied) and
three of Clara (one from
each of her three
published Lieder cycles);
he would transcribe no
other works of these two
composers. The Schumann
Lieder transcriptions,
contrary to those of
Schubert, are literal
arrangements, posing, in
general, far fewer
demands on the pianist's
technique. They are
comparatively less
imaginative in their
treatment of the original
material. Additionally,
they seem to have been
less valued in their day
than the Schubert
transcriptions, and it is
noteworthy that none of
the Schumann
transcriptions bear
dedications, as most of
the Schubert
transcriptions do. The
greatest challenge posed
by Lieder transcriptions,
regardless of the
composer or the nature of
the transcription, was to
combine the vocal and
piano parts of the
original such that the
character of each would
be preserved, a challenge
unique to this form of
transcription. Each part
had to be intact and
aurally recognizable, the
vocal line in particular.
Complications could be
manifold in a Lied that
featured dissimilar
parts, such as Schubert's
Auf dem Wasser zu singen,
whose piano accompaniment
depicts the rocking of
the boat on the
shimmering waves while
the vocal line reflects
on the passing of time.
Similar complications
would be encountered in
Gretchen am Spinnrade, in
which the ubiquitous
sixteenth-note pattern in
the piano's right hand
epitomizes the
ever-turning spinning
wheel over which the
soprano voice expresses
feelings of longing and
heartache. The resulting
transcriptions for solo
piano would place
exceptional demands on
the pianist. The
complications would be
far less imposing in
instances in which voice
and piano were less
differentiated, as in
many of Schumann's Lieder
that Liszt transcribed.
The piano parts in these
Lieder are true
accompaniments for the
voice, providing harmonic
foundation and rhythmic
support by doubling the
vocal line throughout.
The transcriptions, thus,
are strict and literal,
with far fewer demands on
both pianist and
transcriber. In all of
Liszt's Lieder
transcriptions,
regardless of the way in
which the two parts are
combined, the melody
(i.e. the vocal line) is
invariably the focal
point; the melody should
sing on the piano, as if
it were the voice. The
piano part, although
integral to contributing
to the character of the
music, is designed to
function as
accompaniment. A singing
melody was a crucial
objective in
nineteenth-century piano
performance, which in
part might explain the
zeal in transcribing and
paraphrasing vocal music
for the piano. Friedrich
Wieck, father and teacher
of Clara Schumann,
stressed this point
repeatedly in his 1853
treatise Clavier und
Gesang (Piano and Song):
When I speak in general
of singing, I refer to
that species of singing
which is a form of
beauty, and which is a
foundation for the most
refined and most perfect
interpretation of music;
and, above all things, I
consider the culture of
beautiful tones the basis
for the finest possible
touch on the piano. In
many respects, the piano
and singing should
explain and supplement
each other. They should
mutually assist in
expressing the sublime
and the noble, in forms
of unclouded beauty. Much
of Liszt's piano music
should be interpreted
with this concept in
mind, the Lieder
transcriptions and opera
paraphrases, in
particular. To this end,
Liszt provided numerous
written instructions to
the performer to
emphasize the vocal line
in performance, with
Italian directives such
as un poco marcato il
canto, accentuato assai
il canto and ben
pronunziato il canto.
Repeated indications of
cantando,singend and
espressivo il canto
stress the significance
of the singing tone. As
an additional means of
achieving this and
providing the performer
with access to the
poetry, Liszt insisted,
at what must have been a
publishing novelty at the
time, on printing the
words of the Lied in the
music itself. Haslinger,
seemingly oblivious to
Liszt's intent, initially
printed the poems of the
early Schubert
transcriptions separately
inside the front covers.
Liszt argued that the
transcriptions must be
reprinted with the words
underlying the notes,
exactly as Schubert had
done, a request that was
honored by printing the
words above the
right-hand staff. Liszt
also incorporated a
visual scheme for
distinguishing voice and
accompaniment, influenced
perhaps by Chopin, by
notating the
accompaniment in cue
size. His transcription
of Robert Schumann's
Fruhlings Ankunft
features the vocal line
in normal size, the piano
accompaniment in reduced
size, an unmistakable
guide in a busy texture
as to which part should
be emphasized: Example 1.
Schumann-Liszt Fruhlings
Ankunft, mm. 1-2. The
same practice may be
found in the
transcription of
Schumann's An die Turen
will ich schleichen. In
this piece, the performer
must read three staves,
in which the baritone
line in the central staff
is to be shared between
the two hands based on
the stem direction of the
notes: Example 2.
Schumann-Liszt An die
Turen will ich
schleichen, mm. 1-5. This
notational practice is
extremely beneficial in
this instance, given the
challenge of reading
three staves and the
manner in which the vocal
line is performed by the
two hands. Curiously,
Liszt did not use this
practice in other
transcriptions.
Approaches in Lieder
Transcription Liszt
adopted a variety of
approaches in his Lieder
transcriptions, based on
the nature of the source
material, the ways in
which the vocal and piano
parts could be combined
and the ways in which the
vocal part could sing.
One approach, common with
strophic Lieder, in which
the vocal line would be
identical in each verse,
was to vary the register
of the vocal part. The
transcription of Lob der
Tranen, for example,
incorporates three of the
four verses of the
original Lied, with the
register of the vocal
line ascending one octave
with each verse (from low
to high), as if three
different voices were
participating. By the
conclusion, the music
encompasses the entire
range of Liszt's keyboard
to produce a stunning
climactic effect, and the
variety of register of
the vocal line provides a
welcome textural variety
in the absence of the
words. The three verses
of the transcription of
Auf dem Wasser zu singen
follow the same approach,
in which the vocal line
ascends from the tenor,
to the alto and to the
soprano registers with
each verse.
Fruhlingsglaube adopts
the opposite approach, in
which the vocal line
descends from soprano in
verse 1 to tenor in verse
2, with the second part
of verse 2 again resuming
the soprano register;
this is also the case in
Das Wandern from
Mullerlieder. Gretchen am
Spinnrade posed a unique
problem. Since the poem's
narrator is female, and
the poem represents an
expression of her longing
for her lover Faust,
variation of the vocal
line's register, strictly
speaking, would have been
impractical. For this
reason, the vocal line
remains in its original
register throughout,
relentlessly colliding
with the sixteenth-note
pattern of the
accompaniment. One
exception may be found in
the fifth and final verse
in mm. 93-112, at which
point the vocal line is
notated in a higher
register and doubled in
octaves. This sudden
textural change, one that
is readily audible, was a
strategic means to
underscore Gretchen's
mounting anxiety (My
bosom urges itself toward
him. Ah, might I grasp
and hold him! And kiss
him as I would wish, at
his kisses I should
die!). The transcription,
thus, becomes a vehicle
for maximizing the
emotional content of the
poem, an exceptional
undertaking with the
general intent of a
transcription. Registral
variation of the vocal
part also plays a crucial
role in the transcription
of Erlkonig. Goethe's
poem depicts the death of
a child who is
apprehended by a
supernatural Erlking, and
Schubert, recognizing the
dramatic nature of the
poem, carefully depicted
the characters (father,
son and Erlking) through
unique vocal writing and
accompaniment patterns:
the Lied is a dramatic
entity. Liszt, in turn,
followed Schubert's
characterization in this
literal transcription,
yet took it an additional
step by placing the
register of the father's
vocal line in the
baritone range, that of
the son in the soprano
range and that of the
Erlking in the highest
register, options that
would not have been
available in the version
for voice and piano.
Additionally, Liszt
labeled each appearance
of each character in the
score, a means for
guiding the performer in
interpreting the dramatic
qualities of the Lied. As
a result, the drama and
energy of the poem are
enhanced in this
transcription; as with
Gretchen am Spinnrade,
the transcriber has
maximized the content of
the original. Elaboration
may be found in certain
Lieder transcriptions
that expand the
performance to a level of
virtuosity not found in
the original; in such
cases, the transcription
approximates the
paraphrase. Schubert's Du
bist die Ruh, a paradigm
of musical simplicity,
features an uncomplicated
piano accompaniment that
is virtually identical in
each verse. In Liszt's
transcription, the
material is subjected to
a highly virtuosic
treatment that far
exceeds the original,
including a demanding
passage for the left hand
alone in the opening
measures and unique
textural writing in each
verse. The piece is a
transcription in
virtuosity; its art, as
Rosen noted, lies in the
technique of
transformation.
Elaboration may entail an
expansion of the musical
form, as in the extensive
introduction to Die
Forelle and a virtuosic
middle section (mm.
63-85), both of which are
not in the original. Also
unique to this
transcription are two
cadenzas that Liszt
composed in response to
the poetic content. The
first, in m. 93 on the
words und eh ich es
gedacht (and before I
could guess it), features
a twisted chromatic
passage that prolongs and
thereby heightens the
listener's suspense as to
the fate of the trout
(which is ultimately
caught). The second, in
m. 108 on the words
Betrogne an (and my blood
boiled as I saw the
betrayed one), features a
rush of
diminished-seventh
arpeggios in both hands,
epitomizing the poet's
rage at the fisherman for
catching the trout. Less
frequent are instances in
which the length of the
original Lied was
shortened in the
transcription, a tendency
that may be found with
certain strophic Lieder
(e.g., Der Leiermann,
Wasserflut and Das
Wandern). Another
transcription that
demonstrates Liszt's
readiness to modify the
original in the interests
of the poetic content is
Standchen, the seventh
transcription from
Schubert's
Schwanengesang. Adapted
from Act II of
Shakespeare's Cymbeline,
the poem represents the
repeated beckoning of a
man to his lover. Liszt
transformed the Lied into
a miniature drama by
transcribing the vocal
line of the first verse
in the soprano register,
that of the second verse
in the baritone register,
in effect, creating a
dialogue between the two
lovers. In mm. 71-102,
the dialogue becomes a
canon, with one voice
trailing the other like
an echo (as labeled in
the score) at the
distance of a beat. As in
other instances, the
transcription resembles
the paraphrase, and it is
perhaps for this reason
that Liszt provided an
ossia version that is
more in the nature of a
literal transcription.
The ossia version, six
measures shorter than
Schubert's original, is
less demanding
technically than the
original transcription,
thus representing an
ossia of transcription
and an ossia of piano
technique. The Schumann
Lieder transcriptions, in
general, display a less
imaginative treatment of
the source material.
Elaborations are less
frequently encountered,
and virtuosity is more
restricted, as if the
passage of time had
somewhat tamed the
composer's approach to
transcriptions;
alternatively, Liszt was
eager to distance himself
from the fierce
virtuosity of his early
years. In most instances,
these transcriptions are
literal arrangements of
the source material, with
the vocal line in its
original form combined
with the accompaniment,
which often doubles the
vocal line in the
original Lied. Widmung,
the first of the Schumann
transcriptions, is one
exception in the way it
recalls the virtuosity of
the Schubert
transcriptions of the
1830s. Particularly
striking is the closing
section (mm. 58-73), in
which material of the
opening verse (right
hand) is combined with
the triplet quarter notes
(left hand) from the
second section of the
Lied (mm. 32-43), as if
the transcriber were
attempting to reconcile
the different material of
these two sections.
Fruhlingsnacht resembles
a paraphrase by
presenting each of the
two verses in differing
registers (alto for verse
1, mm. 3-19, and soprano
for verse 2, mm. 20-31)
and by concluding with a
virtuosic section that
considerably extends the
length of the original
Lied. The original
tonalities of the Lieder
were generally retained
in the transcriptions,
showing that the tonality
was an important part of
the transcription
process. The infrequent
instances of
transposition were done
for specific reasons. In
1861, Liszt transcribed
two of Schumann's Lieder,
one from Op. 36 (An den
Sonnenschein), another
from Op. 27 (Dem roten
Roslein), and merged
these two pieces in the
collection 2 Lieder; they
share only the common
tonality of A major. His
choice for combining
these two Lieder remains
unknown, but he clearly
recognized that some
tonal variety would be
needed, for which reason
Dem roten Roslein was
transposed to C>= major.
The collection features
An den Sonnenschein in A
major (with a transition
to the new tonality),
followed by Dem roten
Roslein in C>= major
(without a change of key
signature), and
concluding with a reprise
of An den Sonnenschein in
A major. A three-part
form was thus established
with tonal variety
provided by keys in third
relations (A-C>=-A); in
effect, two of Schumann's
Lieder were transcribed
into an archetypal song
without words. In other
instances, Liszt treated
tonality and tonal
organization as important
structural ingredients,
particularly in the
transcriptions of
Schubert's Lieder cycles,
i.e. Schwanengesang,
Winterreise a...
Chamber Music English Horn, Oboe SKU: CF.WF229 15 Pieces for Oboe and ...(+)
Chamber Music English
Horn, Oboe
SKU:
CF.WF229
15 Pieces
for Oboe and English
Horn. Composed by
Gustave Vogt. Edited by
Kristin Jean Leitterman.
Collection - Performance.
32+8 pages. Carl Fischer
Music #WF229. Published
by Carl Fischer Music
(CF.WF229).
Guitar; Methods and Music for Children SKU: UT.CH-106 Composed by Carlo d...(+)
Guitar; Methods and Music
for Children
SKU:
UT.CH-106
Composed by
Carlo de Nonno. Saddle
stitching. Classical. Ut
Orpheus #CH 106.
Published by Ut Orpheus
(UT.CH-106).
ISBN
9790215315921. 9 x 12
inches.
The first
impulse to compose these
3 Little Suites
for Guitar came from the
desire to offer very
young students
compositions not framed
by the usual features of
â??music for
childrenâ?? but, rather,
meant to introduce into
their musical horizon
sonorities, rhythms, and
expressive modalities not
generally experienced in
the more
â??traditionalâ??
courses of study. As
the compositions
developed, the project
underwent some slight
modifications, so that in
the end one could say
that the three suites
became progressively more
difficult, though
remaining, in their deep
essence, quite
â??simpleâ??. I
would recommend paying
careful attention to the
titles of the pieces and
to the expressive
markings. Although it was
not my intention to write
â??descriptiveâ??
music, I have tried to
handle these pieces like
stage scripts, giving
each a specific
â??characterâ??. For
this purpose my long
experience as a composer
of theatre music has been
very helpful. It would
give me great
satisfaction if
guitarists of every age
would enjoy performing
these suites. I would
like teachers to find in
them cues for proposing
to their pupils further
refinements concerning
both technique and
expression, never
forgetting how
inexpressible music truly
is. (Carlo de
Nonno).
Performed by The Beatles. Piano/Vocal/Chords (Arrangements for piano and voice w...(+)
Performed by The Beatles.
Piano/Vocal/Chords
(Arrangements for piano
and voice with guitar
chords). Size 9.5x12.7
inches. 896 pages.
Published by Hal Leonard.
(C Edition). By Various. For voice and C instrument. Hal Leonard Fake Books. Pop...(+)
(C Edition). By Various.
For voice and C
instrument. Hal Leonard
Fake Books. Pop Vocal and
Vocal Standards.
Difficulty: easy-medium.
Fakebook. Vocal melody,
lyrics and chord names.
396 pages. Published by
Hal Leonard fakebook
Pop Vocal and Vocal
Standards
Concert Band/Harmonie and Piano SKU: BT.BMP8095417 Composed by Leroy Ande...(+)
Concert Band/Harmonie and
Piano
SKU:
BT.BMP8095417
Composed by Leroy
Anderson. Arranged by
Jörg Murschinski.
Score Only. Composed
2008. Beriato Music
#BMP8095417. Published by
Beriato Music
(BT.BMP8095417).
A lot is known
about the American
composer Leroy Anderson.
This son of Swedish
immigrants played the
piano, organ, accordion,
trombone, tuba and double
bass. He spoke several
languages fluently and
graduated from Harvard
with first-class
honours.While on military
service, the army also
commissioned him to write
a manual on Icelandic
grammar.He already
started writing musical
arrangements as a
student, and from his
30th year arranged and
composed for the Boston
Pops Orchestra. Such
melodiesas Serenata, The
Typewriter, Sleigh Ride
and Bugler�s
Holiday made him world
famous. His best-known
work, Blue Tango, reached
number one in the US
charts in 1952, and it
sold more than a million
copies. In 1975, a year
after hisdeath, he was
given a star at the Walk
of Fame in Hollywood.Most
of his works last no
longer than three
minutes, about the
maximum length of a
single at that time. One
work that lasts longer is
his 1953 Piano Concerto
in C for piano and
orchestra.The first
performance was in
Chicago, conducted by the
composer and with Eugene
List at the piano.
However, after three
performances he was no
longer happy with the
work and withdrew it. He
always intended to revise
it, but never got round
to it. Itwas only in 1989
that the Anderson family
decided to republish the
work.This three-part
composition is on the one
hand characterised by a
careless elegance, but on
the other one can hear
the influence of
Rachmaninoff, Copland,
Gershwin, and
evenBeethoven and Mozart,
as well as the Viennese
classics.Anderson used
the sonata form for the
first movement. It ends
with a cadenza that
carries us on into the
second part (in e minor).
The third part is a
typically cheerful
American folk dance in2/4
time, a so-called Hoe
Down, with a lilting,
lyrical passage as its
middle section. At the
end comes a solo passage
followed by a rapid
close.In this piano
concerto, Anderson
combines a rigidly
classical form of
composition with simple
andappealing themes and
elements from light
music. So this work is a
perfect synthesis of
light music and what is
called serious music, in
the same way as
Gershwin�s
Rhapsody in Blue. A work
that can be played
equally well in a
concerthall, at an
open-air concert or even
a pop
concert.
Concert Band/Harmonie and Piano SKU: BT.BMP8091417 Composed by Leroy Ande...(+)
Concert Band/Harmonie and
Piano
SKU:
BT.BMP8091417
Composed by Leroy
Anderson. Arranged by
Jörg Murschinski. Set
(Score & Parts). Composed
2008. Beriato Music
#BMP8091417. Published by
Beriato Music
(BT.BMP8091417).
A lot is known
about the American
composer Leroy Anderson.
This son of Swedish
immigrants played the
piano, organ, accordion,
trombone, tuba and double
bass. He spoke several
languages fluently and
graduated from Harvard
with first-class
honours.While on military
service, the army also
commissioned him to write
a manual on Icelandic
grammar.He already
started writing musical
arrangements as a
student, and from his
30th year arranged and
composed for the Boston
Pops Orchestra. Such
melodiesas Serenata, The
Typewriter, Sleigh Ride
and Bugler�s
Holiday made him world
famous. His best-known
work, Blue Tango, reached
number one in the US
charts in 1952, and it
sold more than a million
copies. In 1975, a year
after hisdeath, he was
given a star at the Walk
of Fame in Hollywood.Most
of his works last no
longer than three
minutes, about the
maximum length of a
single at that time. One
work that lasts longer is
his 1953 Piano Concerto
in C for piano and
orchestra.The first
performance was in
Chicago, conducted by the
composer and with Eugene
List at the piano.
However, after three
performances he was no
longer happy with the
work and withdrew it. He
always intended to revise
it, but never got round
to it. Itwas only in 1989
that the Anderson family
decided to republish the
work.This three-part
composition is on the one
hand characterised by a
careless elegance, but on
the other one can hear
the influence of
Rachmaninoff, Copland,
Gershwin, and
evenBeethoven and Mozart,
as well as the Viennese
classics.Anderson used
the sonata form for the
first movement. It ends
with a cadenza that
carries us on into the
second part (in e minor).
The third part is a
typically cheerful
American folk dance in2/4
time, a so-called Hoe
Down, with a lilting,
lyrical passage as its
middle section. At the
end comes a solo passage
followed by a rapid
close.In this piano
concerto, Anderson
combines a rigidly
classical form of
composition with simple
andappealing themes and
elements from light
music. So this work is a
perfect synthesis of
light music and what is
called serious music, in
the same way as
Gershwin�s
Rhapsody in Blue. A work
that can be played
equally well in a
concerthall, at an
open-air concert or even
a pop
concert.
The Untitled March Orchestre d'harmonie [Conducteur et Parties séparées] - Intermédiaire Willow Blossom Music
Composed by John Philip Sousa (1854-1932). Arranged by Keith Brion and Loras Sch...(+)
Composed by John Philip
Sousa (1854-1932).
Arranged by Keith Brion
and Loras Schissel.
Concert Band. Sousa
Centennial. Audio
recording available
separately (item
CL.WFR137). March. Score
and set of parts.
Composed 1995. Duration 3
minutes, 40 seconds.
Published by Willow
Blossom Music
Performed by The Beatles. Piano/Vocal/Chords (Arrangements for piano and voice w...(+)
Performed by The Beatles.
Piano/Vocal/Chords
(Arrangements for piano
and voice with guitar
chords). Size 9x12
inches. 448 pages.
Published by Hal Leonard
Chamber Music flute, piano SKU: CF.WF232 Composed by Antonin Dvorak. Edit...(+)
Chamber Music flute,
piano
SKU:
CF.WF232
Composed by
Antonin Dvorak. Edited by
Robert Stallman. Arranged
by Robert Stallman. Set
of Score and Parts. With
Standard notation. 28+16
pages. Carl Fischer Music
#WF232. Published by Carl
Fischer Music (CF.WF232).
ISBN 9781491153772.
UPC:
680160911271.
Known
internationally for
superior flute editions,
Robert Stallman continues
his considerable
expansion of the flute
repertoire with
re-creations, or
“new†works
for flute by Bach,
Mozart, Schubert,
Beethoven, Chopin,
Dvořák, and other
great composers.Conceived
originally as a work for
solo piano, this
arrangement of
Dvořák’s
Suite in A Major for
flute and piano is based
on both the piano and
orchestra versions. It is
one in a series of
Stallman’s
“new†works
for flute. Dvořák
composed the Suite in A
Major in 1894, inspired
by his happy and fruitful
stay in the “New
World†—a
period that produced some
of his greatest works,
full of thematic
freshness, raw energy and
folk influences, both
American and Old World
Czech. The “New
World†Symphony,
Cello Concerto,
“Americanâ€
Quartet, String Quintet
in E≤ Major, the
Violin Sonatina and this
A Major Suite are all cut
from the same musical
cloth—textured
with his personal
impressions of the Wild
West’s fascinating
Indian and Afro-American
music, its God-fearing
and friendly people, its
vast open spaces and its
awe-inspiring natural
beauty. PrefaceConceiv
ed originally as a work
for solo piano, the Suite
in A Major was composed
by Dvořák in 1894,
during his famous
two-year visit to the
United States. He wrote
the work in a mere ten
days, and a year later
made a full orchestration
of it. The Suite was
first performed in this
second version in 1910 in
Prague at the Rudolfinum.
Dvořák, who died
in 1904, never had a
chance to hear a
performance of this
stirring orchestral
realization.The Suite was
inspired by the
composer’s happy
and fruitful stay in the
“New Worldâ€,
especially by his
unforgettable summers
spent in the quiet
Czech-American village of
Spillville, Iowa—a
period that produced some
of his greatest works,
full of thematic
freshness, raw energy and
folk influences, both
American and Old World
Czech. The “New
World†Symphony,
Cello Concerto,
“Americanâ€
Quartet, String Quintet
in Eb Major, the Violin
Sonatina and this A Major
Suite are all cut from
the same musical
cloth—textured
with his personal
impressions of the Wild
West’s fascinating
Indian and Afro-American
music, its God-fearing
and friendly people, its
vast open spaces and its
awe-inspiring natural
beauty.Several of the
Suite’s affecting
melodies find echoes in
these other, better known
compositions of this
American period. Wistful
themes abound in all five
movements, reflecting
Dvořák’s
transformative American
experience as it found
resonance in his own
emotions. Contrasting
with deeply felt,
contemplative passages
are
Dvořák’s
joyous and tempestuous
expressions, which open
the second, third and
final movements.This
arrangement for flute and
piano is based on both
the piano and orchestra
versions. It is one in a
series of my
“new†works
for flute by some of our
greatest composers and I
am delighted to add it to
the collection. I predict
that the A Major Suite
will become a popular
addition to our Romantic
recital repertoire, much
like the Dvořák
Sonatina.—Robert
StallmanMarblehead,
Mass.June 1, 2018.
Saint Benedict
Cantata. Composed by
Jacob De Haan. Musica
Sacra. Concert Piece. Set
(Score & Parts). Composed
2008. De Haske
Publications #DHP
1074334-010. Published by
De Haske Publications
(BT.DHP-1074334-010).
9x12 inches.
English-German-French-Dut
ch.
Cantica de
Sancto Benedicto is a
three-movement work for
mixed choir, soprano
solo, concert band and
organ ad libitum - on
Latin lyrics that relate
to the life of Saint
Benedict. It was
commissioned by the city
of Norcia in Italy,
whereBenedict was born.
The holy Benedict
(480-547) is considered
the founder of monastic
life within the Roman
Catholic Church. His
enormous influence is
especially owing to his
monastic rule, the Regula
Benedicti.Jacob de Haan
has named the movements
ofCantica de Sancto
Benedicto after the
Holy Trinity: the Father
(Gloria Patri),
the Son (Gloria
Filio) and the Holy
Spirit (Gloria
Spiritui Sancto). The
lyrics of thehymn
Gemma Caelestis,
(which, like the
othertexts, were
originally used in
Gregorian chant) are
voiced by the choir. To
this purpose, Jacob de
Haan composed new,
choral-like, homophone
music. The sequence
Laeta Quies is
rendered by the soprano;
the verses (divided over
the threemovements) are
alternated with those of
Gemma Caelestis.
The work closes with an
impressive grand finale,
in which texts are used
from the proprium of the
mass in honor of the
saint’s day of the
holy Benedict (11 July).
Notes to the
conductor:For this
cantata, there are
various possibilities for
the performance. The
first involves a
performance in which the
choir and soprano parts
are only accompanied by
organ. Such a performance
has several advantages:
since the band never
soundstogether with the
choir and the soprano, no
balance problems occur,
and even a performance
with a large concert band
and a small cantata choir
is conceivable. A special
layout is also possible -
with which you can set up
a
three-dimensionalperforma
nce in a church. For
example, the choir can
sing in the chancel,
accompanied by the choir
organ; the soprano can
stand on the gallery,
accompanied by the main
organ; and the band can
be seated in another part
of the church. The choir
couldalso sing from a
gallery. With layouts
like this, working with
two conductors is
advisable. Choral parts
available
separately.
Koor
partijen apart
verkrijgbaar.
Cantica de Sancto
Benedicto ist ein
dreisätziges Werk
für gemischten Chor,
Sopran-Solist,
sinfonisches
Blasorchester und Orgel
ad lib. - zu lateinischen
Texten über das Leben
des Heiligen Benedikt. Es
entstand im Auftrag der
italienschen StadtNursia,
dem Geburtsort von
Benedikt. Jacob de Haan
benannte die Sätze von
Cantica de Sancto
Benedicto nach der
Heiligen Dreifaltigkeit:
der Vater (Gloria
Patri), der Sohn
(Gloria Filio) und
der Heilige Geist
(Gloria
SpirituiSancto). Der
Text zur Hymne Gemma
Caelestis (der wie
die übrigen Texte
ursprünglich aus dem
Gregorianischen Choral
stammt) wird vom Chor
gesungen. Zu diesem Zweck
komponierte Jacob de Haan
neue choralartige,
homophone Musik. Der
AbschnittLaeta
Quies wird vom Sopran
vorgetragen; die Strophen
(die sich über alle
drei Sätze verteilen)
wechseln sich mit denen
von Gemma
Caelestis ab. Das
Werk endet mit einem
eindrucksvollen
großartigen Finale, in
dem Texte aus dem
Propriumaus der Messe zu
Ehren des Feiertags des
Heiligen Benedikt (11.
Juli) verwendet
werden.Chorstimmen sind
unter folgendem Link
separat erhältlich:DHP
1074334-050Anmerkungen
für den
Dirigenten:Für
dieseKantate gibt es
mehrere
Aufführungsmöglichk
eiten. Die erste ist eine
Version, in der die Chor-
und Sopranstimmen nur von
der Orgel begleitet
werden. Solch eine
Aufführung bietet
mehrere Vorteile: Da das
Blasorchester nie
zusammen mit Chor und
Sopranerklingt, gibt es
keine Probleme mit der
klanglichen
Ausgewogenheit und sogar
eine Aufführung mit
einem großen
Blasorchester und einem
kleinen Kantatenchor ist
denkbar. Eine besondere
Aufstellung für eine
dreidimensionale
Aufführung in einer
Kircheist ebenso
möglich. Der Chor
singt zum Beispiel von
der Kanzel aus, begleitet
von der Chororgel; der
Sopran steht auf der
Galerie, begleitet von
der Hauptorgel,
während das
Blasorchester in einem
anderen Teil der Kirche
aufgestellt ist. Der Chor
kannauch von Galerie aus
singen. Bei solchen
Aufstellungen ist es
ratsam, mit zwei
Dirigenten zu arbeiten.
Die Begleitung der
Singstimmen ist in
Stichnoten für das
Blasorchester notiert.
Wenn das Werk ohne Orgel
aufgeführt wird,
beispielsweise in
einemKonzertsaal, spielt
das Blasorchester die
Begleitung. Die
Begleitstimmen sind
transparent orchestriert,
zugunsten der klanglichen
Ausgewogenheit von
Blasorchester, Chor und
Sopran. Im dritten Satz
(Takte 144-151) gibt es
eine optionale Passage
fürden Chor. Diese ist
nur für eine
Aufführung mit einem
sehr großen Chor
gedacht. Eine weitere
Variante beinhaltet, den
musikalischen
Höhepunkt im dritten
Satz zu überspringen
und direkt von Takt 156
zu Takt 213
weiterzugehen. Gründe
hierfür könnensein:
der etwas höhere
Schwierigkeitsgrad, eine
begrenzte
Aufführungsdauer
und/oder der Wunsch, den
Kantatentext auf Gemma
Caelestis und
Laeta Quies zu
beschränken.
Während einer Messe
oder eines Gottesdienstes
können auch
verschiedeneStrophen
verwendet werden.
Wahlweise kann das
Sopransolo auch vom
Chorsopran gesungen
werden. Alternativ hierzu
können Sie die
Sopranstimmen (komplett
oder teilweise) von einem
Tenor singen lassen.
Für Chöre, die
Cantica de Sancto
Benedictoaufführen
wollen, bietet der
Komponist einen
Extra-Service auf seiner
Website
https://www.jacobdehaan.c
om, wo Audiodateien der
einzelnen Chorstimmen
für das Einstudieren
zu Hause zugänglich
sind. Informationen zu
anderen Werken für
Chor undBlasorchester
(Missa Brevis und
Missa Katharina)
sind ebenfalls dort zu
finden.Chorstimmen
separat
erhältlich.
Piano, Voix et Guitare [Partition] - Intermédiaire Hal Leonard
Performed by Elvis Presley. For voice, piano and guitar chords. Format: piano/vo...(+)
Performed by Elvis
Presley. For voice, piano
and guitar chords.
Format:
piano/vocal/chords
songbook. With vocal
melody, piano
accompaniment, lyrics,
chord names and guitar
chord diagrams. Rock 'n'
roll and rockabilly. 256
pages. 9x12 inches.
Published by Hal Leonard
Piano, Voix et Guitare [Partition] - Intermédiaire/avancé Hal Leonard
Performed by Stevie Wonder. For voice, piano and guitar chords. Format: piano/vo...(+)
Performed by Stevie
Wonder. For voice, piano
and guitar chords.
Format:
piano/vocal/chords
songbook. With vocal
melody, piano
accompaniment, lyrics,
chord names and guitar
chord diagrams. Smooth
soul, classic soul and
pop rock. 367 pages. 9x12
inches. Published by Hal
Leonard.
Performed by The Beatles. For voice(s), guitar(s), bass guitar, drum set and key...(+)
Performed by The Beatles.
For voice(s), guitar(s),
bass guitar, drum set and
keyboard. Format: full
score. With vocal melody,
lyrics, standard guitar
notation, guitar
tablature, standard bass
notation, bass tablature,
chord names and drum
notation. Classic rock,
pop rock and psychedelic
rock. Popular boxed gift
set. Includes complete
transcriptions of all
instrumental and vocal
parts. Series: Hal
Leonard Transcribed
Scores. 1136 pages.
7.25x10.88 inches.
Published by Hal Leonard.
Composed by Christian Mason. World premiere: Paris, Cite de la musique, Januar...(+)
Composed by Christian
Mason.
World premiere: Paris,
Cite
de la musique, January
14,
2020. Breitkopf and
Haertel
#EB 9377. Published by
Breitkopf and Haertel
Performed by The Beatles. Signature Licks (Authentic guitar transcriptions in no...(+)
Performed by The Beatles.
Signature Licks
(Authentic guitar
transcriptions in notes
and tab). Book and CD
package. Size 9x12
inches. 88 pages.
Published by Hal Leonard.
Focus [Complete Set] Orchestre à Cordes [Conducteur et Parties séparées] Jazz Lines Publications
By Stan Getz and Beaux Arts String Ensemble. By Eddie Sauter. Edited by Rob Dubo...(+)
By Stan Getz and Beaux
Arts String Ensemble. By
Eddie Sauter. Edited by
Rob Duboff, Jeffrey
Sultanof, Alex Chilowicz,
and Andrew Homzy.
Arranged by Eddie Sauter.
For string ensemble
(score and parts)
(Soloist (parts in
concert, B-flat, and
E-flat), Violin I (8
parts), Violin II (8
parts), Viola (5 Parts),
Cello (5 Parts) , Double
Bass (3 Parts), Harp,
Piano/Celeste, Percussion
(Snare Drum, Marimba,
Tambourine)). Advanced.
Score and parts.
Published by Jazz Lines
Publications
Performed by Crosby, Stills and Nash. Piano/Vocal/Chords Songbook (Arrangements ...(+)
Performed by Crosby,
Stills and Nash.
Piano/Vocal/Chords
Songbook (Arrangements
for piano and voice with
guitar chords). Size 9x12
inches. 128 pages.
Published by Hal Leonard