Louis Moreau Gottschalk (1829 – 1869) was an American
composer and pianist, best known as a virtuoso
performer of his own romantic piano works. He spent
most of his working career outside of the United
States. He was the eldest son of a Jewish-English New
Orleans real estate speculator and his French-descended
bride. Gottschalk may have heard the drums at Place
Congo in New Orleans, but his exposure to Creole melody
likely came through his own household; his mother had
grown up in Haiti and fl...(+)
Louis Moreau Gottschalk (1829 – 1869) was an American
composer and pianist, best known as a virtuoso
performer of his own romantic piano works. He spent
most of his working career outside of the United
States. He was the eldest son of a Jewish-English New
Orleans real estate speculator and his French-descended
bride. Gottschalk may have heard the drums at Place
Congo in New Orleans, but his exposure to Creole melody
likely came through his own household; his mother had
grown up in Haiti and fled to Louisiana after that
island's slave uprising. Piano study was undertaken
with Narcisse Lettellier, and at age 11, Gottschalk was
sent to Paris. Denied entrance to the Conservatoire, he
continued with Charles Hallé and Camille Stamaty,
adding composition with Pierre Maleden. His Paris debut
at the Salle Pleyel in 1845 earned praise from Chopin.
By the end of the 1840s, Gottschalk's first works, such
as Bamboula, appeared. These syncopated pieces based on
popular Creole melodies rapidly gained popularity
worldwide. Gottschalk left Paris in 1852 to join his
father in New York, only to encounter stiff competition
from touring foreign artists. With his father's death
in late 1853, Gottschalk inherited support of his
mother and six siblings. In 1855, he signed a contract
with publisher William Hall to issue several pieces,
including The Banjo and The Last Hope. The Last Hope is
a sad and sweetly melancholy piece, and it proved
hugely popular. Gottschalk found himself obliged to
repeat it at every concert, and wrote "even my paternal
love for The Last Hope has succumbed under the terrible
necessity of meeting it at every step." With an
appearance at Dodsworth Hall in December 1855,
Gottschalk finally found his audience. For the first
time he was solvent, and at his mother's death in 1857
Gottschalk was released from his familial obligations.
He embarked on a tour of the Caribbean and didn't
return for five years. When this ended, America was in
the midst of Civil War. Gottschalk supported the north,
touring Union states until 1864. Gottschalk wearied of
the horrors surrounding him, becoming an avid proponent
of education, playing benefit concerts for public
schools and libraries. During a tour to California in
1865, Gottschalk entered into an involvement with a
young woman attending a seminary school in Oakland, and
the press excoriated him. He escaped on a steamer bound
for Panama City. Instead of returning to New York, he
pressed on to Peru, Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina,
staying one step ahead of revolutions, rioting, and
cholera epidemics, but he began to break down under the
strain. Gottschalk contracted malaria in Brazil in
August 1869; still recovering, he was hit in the
abdomen by a sandbag thrown by a student in São Paolo.
In a concert at Rio de Janeiro on November 25,
Gottschalk collapsed at the keyboard. He had
appendicitis, which led to peritonitis. On December 18,
1869, Gottschalk died at the age of 40.
The impact of Gottschalk's music on the later
development of ragtime might seem obvious, yet there is
no proven link from him to the syncopated popular music
he anticipated in works like Bamboula. The music of
Scott Joplin and Jelly Roll Morton show traces of
Gottschalk's melodic shape and rhythmic pulse, and the
New Orleans-born Morton likewise studied under
Lettellier. Nickelodeon pianists disserviced Gottschalk
by loving him too well; pieces like The Dying Poet and
Morte!! turned many a dramatic corner in silent movie
houses, and the public began to identify these themes
as cliché. By the 1940s, Gottschalk was condemned as
hopelessly old-fashioned, and it would take decades of
work by scholars to improve his critical fortunes. In
his best music, Gottschalk was an American original;
masterpieces like Souvenir de Porto Rico, Union, and O
ma charmant, épargnez-moi! transcend time through
their emotional power, technical mastery, audacity,
wit, and charm.
Bamboula, Op. 2, is a fantasy composition for piano
written by American composer Louis Moreau Gottschalk
during a delirium of typhoid fever in the French town
of Clermont-sur-l'Oise in the summer of 1848.
Dedicated "à sa Majesté Isabelle II, Reine des
Espagnes", it is the first of the so-called set of four
"Louisiana Creole pieces" that Gottschalk composed
between 1848 and 1851. It was based on two Creole
melodies, Musieu Bainjo and Quan' patate la cuite, it
was published with the subtitle of Danse des nègres at
the Bureau Central de Musique on 22 April 1849 by the
Paris publisher 'Escudiers', with many unauthorized
copies being issued in Europe shortly thereafter. Its
first concert performance occurred on the evening of
Tuesday 17 April 1849 at the Salle Pleyel during
Gottschalk's second appearance as a professional
pianist.
The composition, written in the key of D-flat major,
with a strongly rhythmically marked melody, is
organized in three sections (A-A-B). The introduction
begins with a concluding gesture in the bass range,
mimicking a drum beat. The second is a transposition of
the first theme, while the third is underlined by a
heavily syncopated melody in the relative minor (B-flat
minor). With a duple 2
4 time signature and an Allegro tempo marking, the
composition features many shifting moods and virtuosic
passages.
Source:
AllMusic(https://www.allmusic.com/artist/louis-moreau-g
ottschalk-mn0001767715/biography).
Although originally composed for Piano, I created this
interpretation of "Bamboula: Danse des Nčgres"
(Opus 2) for String Quintet (2 Violins, Viola, Cello &
Bass).
