Par BACEWICZ GRAZYNA. Studying the sketches for works which a composer considers to be finished, perfected, is a fascinating activity. It enables one to penetrate the secrets of creative work, to compare the initial outline of a composition with its final version. A sketch is generally left untitled, but it does occur that a composer enhances the status of such a draft by giving it a title, before creating an improved version of that title on the basis of the finished work. The list of compositions by Grazyna Bacewicz, the full catalogue of which is held in the National Library in Warsaw, includes a work for string quartet entitled Quatuor. The manuscript was left undated, but analysis of the music allows us to date this work to the mid-1960s. In the composer?s output from that period, the instrumental tone colouring, often an element that helps to forge a work, takes on particular significance. The first movement of the Quatuor [à cordes] opens with three fifth-tritone chords ?cast forth?, in succession, in saltando-gettato technique by the cello, second violin and first violin. When we look at the beginning of the Seventh String Quartet, from 1965, such a chord appears in the second bar of the cello part. Further comparisons lead to interesting conclusions. The two opening movements are almost identical, built from the same elements, only spatially arranged in a different way. In the structure of the first movement of the Seventh Quartet, one distinguishes two thematic planes, which shape the narrative after the fashion of a sonata allegro. The first theme is a series of episodes of changing texture ? from passagework to chords and short glissandos repeated with varying intensity. The second theme (Meno mosso) displays an imitative form. Both works feature an inverted reprise. For the first 25 bars of the second movement, a nostalgic Grave, the two works sound identical. The continuation of this movement in the Quatuor [à cordes] is more modest than in the analogous segments of the Seventh Quartet, in terms of both changing textures and the use of differentiated means of articulation. Towards the end, a motif from the beginning of this movement returns in modified form. Both the third movements (Capriccioso in the Quatuor [à cordes], Con vivezza in the Seventh Quartet) take the form of a rondo, and appearing in each of them is the same ?warbling? theme, based on scattered notes with grace notes. The Seventh String Quartet is in three movements. The presumed prototype consists of four movements. The last movement of the Quatuor [à cordes] is a Maestoso resembling a mine of textural ideas for other works of a sonoristic provenance from this period. The introduction, constituting a closed narrative whole and a reference point for the rest of the movement, is followed by segments that are dominated by ostinatos of various kinds, including with the use of harmonics, passages built on the progressive shifting of short motifs, and unevenly spread chords. Grazyna Bacewicz used material from earlier works more than once in her compositions. Her oeuvre also includes ?twin? pieces merely scored for a different set of instruments. Yet the self-quotation that occurs in the case of the Quatuor [à cordes] and the Seventh String Quartet ? lengthy passages from another of her works reused with minor modifications ? is an unusual situation. It undermines the former?s status as an independent work. Malgorzata Gasiorowska/ Répertoire / Quatuor à Cordes

This string quartet is in five movements, of which the second and fifth are by far the most elaborate. The remaining three movements are rather short, like brief vignettes.The second movement draws its inspiration from Schubert, albeit indirectly- the middle instruments in the quartet (violin 2, viola) play an accompaniment with a motif of two slurred notes, almost always in sixths.In spirit and style, the fifth movement is akin to Masques for violin and cello: a rather introspective piece, a simple compositional approach using few notes, obsessively repeated melodies, the absence of tonality, no modulation in the proper sense of the word, repetitive structures and hypnotic sequences.The movements may be played individually.Commissioned by the Spanish Center for the dissemination of Contemporary Music, 2009.Premiered on April, 27. 2009, at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, Madrid (Spain), by the Capuçon Quartet. No direct sales to individuals: consult your music shop.2015 recommended retail prices excluding VAT.Works on hire: contact our Hire Department directly. / Quatuor A Cordes

Par DVORAK ANTONIN. Dvorák's 'String Quintet in G major” op. 77, had five movements when it was premiered on 18 March 1876. Its second movement was the 'Intermezzo” from his 'String Quartet in E minor” (1870). Later Dvorák removed this movement from the quintet, expanded it, and published it as a separate 'Notturno” for string orchestra op. 40. The 'Intermezzo” is included in its original version in the appendix of the score. This edition is based on the 'Complete Edition of the Works of Antonín Dvorák”, the principal source being the first edition of 1888, for which Dvorák subjected the work to revision. - Dvorák's famous quintet with double bass - New detailed foreword by Dvorák scholar David Beveridge (Eng/Cz/Ger) - Musical text based on the 'Complete Edition of the Works of Antonín Dvorák” (series IV, vol. 8)/ Répertoire / Quatuor à Cordes

Composées en 1963, les Cinq Séquences pour quatuor à cordes de Maurice Ohana affirment l'orientation que le langage de ce compositeur poursuivait depuis quelques années à la recherche d'un 'tempérament perdu'.Ce sont en effet les cordes, autant que la voix humaine et la percussion, qui offrent, parmi les moyens non électroniques d'expression, les plus grandes possibilités d'explorer l'univers sonore compris entre les notes de la gamme tempérée. Ici, l'échelle en tiers de ton crée le climat mélodique et harmonique de l'ouvrage.Dès le premier mouvement, Polyphonie, le contour mélodique échappe à l'échelle tempérée, la rythmique enchevêtre en cordes pincées un contrepoint libre, l'évocation de la percussion apparaît. Le second mouvement, Monodie, donne à chaque instrument, ponctué par les trois autres, son tour d'improvisation acrobatique, humoristique ou tendre. La péroraison emprunte aux instruments d'Extrême-Orient la couleur de corde pincée métallique.Le troisième mouvement, Tympanum, est un épisode percutant où le rythme seul règne, amenant les lentes volutes du Déchant, quatrième mouvement, tout en ombres et en éclats, qui rappelle les caprices goyesques, chers à son auteur. L'hymne, qui achève l'ouvrage, carillonne et éclate en lumière dans une écriture à la fois dense et scintillante. / Quatuor A Cordes

Born in South Africa, but now an Irish citizen, Kevin Volans' musical idiom has been shaped by an unusually diverse range of experiences, including studies with Stockhausen in Cologne, field trips to South Africa to study traditional music, his own involvement with the New Simplicity movement, his collection of contemporary art and African textiles, friendships with composers like Morton Feldman and Gerald Barry, as well as a love of virtuoso piano music which he performs, broadcasts and records. While having an easily recognised, unique voice, Volans' music resists compartmentalisation. He is as comfortable working in conventional genres as embarking on innovative collaborations with artists of other disciplines.String Quartet #1 (White Man Sleeps) was written for the Kronos Quartet and was first performed by them in July 1986, London.The title 'White Man Sleeps' comes from a moment in nyanga Panpipe music where the performers leave off playing their loud pipes for a few cycles and dance only to the sound of their ankle rattles, to let the white landowner sleep - for a minute or two.'In composing this piece I drew from the following sources: the first movement owes something to the style of Basotho concertina music - the second and fourth movements are drawn from traditional Nyungwe music played by Makina Chirenje and his Nyanga panpipe group at Nsava, Tete, Mozambique, recorded and transcribed by Andrew Tracey (to be found in an article entitled 'The nyanga Panpipe dance' in African Music, Vol.5, #1 (1971) - the third movement derives from the San bow music (recorded by Tony Traill of the University of Witwatersrand) and from Basotho lesiba music, transcribed by myself - in the fifth movement I added my own invented folklore. My approach to the original music was anything but purist - it is played in Western tuning, filtered, slowed down by a few 'time-octaves?, cast into non-African metres (like the 13-beat pattern of the first dance) and redistributed between the players in several ways. I also used interlocking techniques where they were absent in the original models and vice versa' - Kevin VolansDuration 24 minutes. Parts available: CH61205. / Quatuor A Cordes (Conducteur)