William Boyce

William Boyce (1711 - 1779)

Royaume-Uni

Royaume-Uni
William Boyce (September 11, 1711 ? February 7, 1779) is widely regarded as one of the most important English-born composers of the 18th century.

Born in London, Boyce was a choirboy at St Paul's Cathedral before studying music with Maurice Greene after his voice broke. His first professional appointment came in 1734 when he got a job as an organist. He went on to take a number of similar posts before being appointed Master of the King's Musick in 1755 and becoming organist at the Chapel Royal in 1758.

When Boyce's deafness became so bad that he was unable to continue in his organist posts, he retired and worked on completing the compilation Cathedral Music that his teacher Greene had left incomplete at his death. This led to Boyce editing works by the likes of William Byrd and Henry Purcell. Many of the pieces in the collection are still used in Anglican services today.

Boyce is best known for his set of eight symphonies, his anthems and his odes. He also wrote the masque Peleus and Thetis and songs for John Dryden's Secular Masque, incidental music for William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Cymbeline, Romeo and Juliet and The Winter's Tale, and a quantity of chamber music including a set of twelve trio sonatas.

Boyce was largely forgotten after his death and he remains a little-performed composer today, although a number of his pieces were rediscovered in the 1930s and Constant Lambert edited and sometimes conducted his works.
Choriste à douze ans, il devint apprenti organiste lorsque sa voix mua. Dans les années 1735 et 1736, Boyce fut organiste à la chapelle d'Oxford puis à Cornhill. Déjà son audition s'altérait lentement. En juin 1736 il devint compositeur à la Chapelle royale et composa de grands anthems, de la musique d'église et l'oratorio David's Lamentation over Saul and Jonathan. En 1739 il composa son Ode pour le jour de Sainte Cecile interprétée avec succès durant cinq années. En 1740 il composa un court * Opéra : Peleus and Thetis. En 1747 il publia ses sonates en trio pour deux violons et basse continue qui rencontrèrent un grand succès et furent remarquées par Haendel.

L'université de Cambridge lui conféra son doctorat de musique le 3 juillet 1749 pour son anthem O be joyful. En 1750 les théâtres de Covent Garden et de Drury Lane rivalisent en présentant un cortège funèbre pour Juliette (Roméo et Juliette). Grâce à la musique de Boyce la production de Drury Lane, dirigée par David Garrick, obtient plus de succès que celle de Covent Garden, sur une musique de Thomas Arne.

En 1757 Boyce succède à son maître, Maurice Greene, à la direction du festival des Sons of the Clergy à la cathédrale Saint-Paul et devint Master of the King's Music. Avec le King's band, il produit régulièrement une ode pour célébrer la nouvelle année et une ode pour l'anniversaire du Roi. Les ouvertures de ces odes, mais aussi des masques et musiques de scène, ont été reprises pour ses huit symphonies à la délicate beauté (1760).

En 1758, il est l'un des trois organistes de la Chapelle royale. En 1759, Boyce écrit sa célèbre chanson Heart of Oak commémorant les victoires contre la France. En 1760 fut publié le premier volume de la Cathedral music, recueil de musique religieuse des plus célèbres compositeurs britanniques depuis les temps les plus anciens jusqu'au milieu du XVIIIe siècle, projeté par Greene et que termina Boyce.

En 1768 il abandonne peu à peu ses fonctions à cause de la dégradation de son ouïe. Ses douze ouvertures sont publiées en 1770.
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Gavotte (Symphony op. 2, no. 4, Mvmt. 3)
Boyce, William
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