PARTITIONS GRATUITES : HARPE
- Numerous

Numerous composers, especially Scheidt and Praetorius. Masterworks; Organ - Method or Collection. Kalmus Edition. Masterwork. Book. 96 pages. Kalmus Classic Edition #00-K04482. Published by Kalmus Classic Edition

Santorella Publications' proudly boasts our connection to some of the best studio players in the Los Angeles studio circuit. Each one of these great musicians, when they are not in a session or performing on a new movie soundtrack, are giving lessons to horn players of all ages. Santorella Publications is setting a new trend in the industry by making it possible for you to study with these talented professionals in a virtual world with Learn From A Pro. Mark Hollingsworth will walk you through all 23 lessons as if you're sitting in a studio by his side. If you went to Los Angeles and took 23 lessons, it would cost over $1,000.00. Now you can Learn "Clarinet" From A Pro for only $12.95 and in the privacy of your own home. Whether you are an early beginner or an adult, here is your chance to fulfill that dream. Do something for yourself and learn to play today with Santorella's Learn From A Pro series. About your private instructor, Mark Hollingsworth Mark Hollingsworth began studying music at five years of age. His background includes both classical and jazz training. After high school Mark won a scholarship from Berklee College of Music in Boston and graduated Magna Cum Laude, with a major in woodwind performance. Mark has over fifteen years experience as a studio musician in Los Angeles recording for movies, albums, television broadcasts and numerous "jingles" as well as cartoons for Warner Brothers and Walt Disney. He has also performed in concerts with a wide range of artists including Quincy Jones, Natalie Cole, Celine Dion, Whitney Houston, Donna Summer and Manhattan Transfer to name a few. Some of Mark's most significant accomplishments include memorable television appearances with Stevie Wonder, Ray Charles, Michael Bolton and Michael McDonald . He has worked on numerous recordings with Tom Petty, Luther Vandross, U2, the Library of Congress and soundtracks for the Ren and Stimpy show. Mark's musical breadth also includes skills on an extensive collection of flutes from around the world. For more information about Mark Hollingsworth visit: www.windshoremusic.com.

Santorella Publications' proudly boasts our connection to some of the best studio players in the Los Angeles studio circuit. Each one of these great musicians, when they are not in a session or performing on a new movie soundtrack, are giving lessons to horn players of all ages. Santorella Publications is setting a new trend in the industry by making it possible for you to study with these talented professionals in a virtual world with Learn From A Pro. Mark Hollingsworth will walk you through all 23 lessons as if you're sitting in a studio by his side. If you went to Los Angeles and took 23 lessons, it would cost over $1,000.00. Now you can Learn "Flute" From A Pro for only $12.95 and in the privacy of your own home. Whether you are an early beginner or an adult, here is your chance to fulfill that dream. Do something for yourself and learn to play today with Santorella's Learn From A Pro series. About your private instructor, Mark Hollingsworth Mark Hollingsworth began studying music at five years of age. His background includes both classical and jazz training. After high school Mark won a scholarship from Berklee College of Music in Boston and graduated Magna Cum Laude, with a major in woodwind performance. Mark has over fifteen years experience as a studio musician in Los Angeles recording for movies, albums, television broadcasts and numerous "jingles" as well as cartoons for Warner Brothers and Walt Disney. He has also performed in concerts with a wide range of artists including Quincy Jones, Natalie Cole, Celine Dion, Whitney Houston, Donna Summer and Manhattan Transfer to name a few. Some of Mark's most significant accomplishments include memorable television appearances with Stevie Wonder, Ray Charles, Michael Bolton and Michael McDonald . He has worked on numerous recordings with Tom Petty, Luther Vandross, U2, the Library of Congress and soundtracks for the Ren and Stimpy show. Mark's musical breadth also includes skills on an extensive collection of flutes from around the world. For more information about Mark Hollingsworth visit: www.windshoremusic.com.

Orchestra Cello, Contrabass, Piano, Viola, Violin 1, Violin 2, Violin 3 - Grade 3

SKU: CF.CAS114F

Suite from Española. Composed by Gaspar Sanz. Arranged by Deborah Baker Monday. Concert String Orchestra (CAS). Full score. With Standard notation. 12 pages. Carl Fischer Music #CAS114F. Published by Carl Fischer Music (CF.CAS114F).

ISBN 9781491151709. UPC: 680160909209. 9 x 12 inches.

Canarios is a movement taken from the Suite Espanola for guitar by Gaspar Sanz, a leading composer of Spanish Baroque music.? Deborah Baker Monday presents this delightful arrangement in D major which engages all sections of the ensemble in the interplay between 6/8 and 3/4.? The rich and resonant texture makes this piece a great concert or festival selection.

Gaspar Sanz lived from ca.16401710. He was a leading composer of music from the Baroque period in Spain, but it is his guitar music which has given him the most attention. He wrote three collections of pieces as an Instruction for guitar and they include about 90 pieces which are part of the guitar repertory.

The Suite Espanola has become popular as a performance piece in the modern guitar world. It contains numerous movements of which Canarios is one of the most popular. Many guitar concerts include a selection of these wonderful dance movements:

1 Espanoletas

1. Gallarda y villano
2. Danza de las hachas
3. Rujero y paradetas
4. Zarabanda al ayre espanol
5. Passacalle de la cavalleria de Napoles
6. Folias
7. La Minona de Cataluna
8. Canarios

Canarios is written in 6/8 and explores the unique relation to 3/4 and how the accents can be manipulated so cleverly. It is a brilliant piece which can enrich your classroom with many teaching points.

Gaspar Sanz lived from ca.1640a1710. He was a leading composer of music from the Baroque period in Spain, but it is his guitar music which has given him the most attention. He wrote three collections of pieces as an Instruction for guitar and they include about 90 pieces which are part of the guitar repertory.

The Suite Espanola has become popular as a performance piece in the modern guitar world. It contains numerous movements of which Canarios is one of the most popular. Many guitar concerts include a selection of these wonderful dance movements:

A A 1 EspaA+-oletas

1. Gallarda y villano
2. Danza de las hachas
3. Rujero y paradetas
4. Zarabanda al ayre espaA+-ol
5. Passacalle de la cavalleria de Napoles
6. Folias
7. La MiA+-ona de CataluA+-a
8. Canarios

Canarios is written in 6/8 and explores the unique relation to 3/4 and how the accents can be manipulated so cleverly. It is a brilliant piece which can enrich your classroom with many teaching points.

Gaspar Sanz lived from ca.1640a1710. He was a leading composer of music from the Baroque period in Spain, but it is his guitar music which has given him the most attention. He wrote three collections of pieces as an Instruction for guitar and they include about 90 pieces which are part of the guitar repertory.

The Suite Espanola has become popular as a performance piece in the modern guitar world. It contains numerous movements of which Canarios is one of the most popular. Many guitar concerts include a selection of these wonderful dance movements:

A A 1 EspaA+-oletas

1. Gallarda y villano
2. Danza de las hachas
3. Rujero y paradetas
4. Zarabanda al ayre espaA+-ol
5. Passacalle de la cavalleria de Napoles
6. Folias
7. La MiA+-ona de CataluA+-a
8. Canarios

Canarios is written in 6/8 and explores the unique relation to 3/4 and how the accents can be manipulated so cleverly. It is a brilliant piece which can enrich your classroom with many teaching points.

Gaspar Sanz lived from ca.1640-1710. He was a leading composer of music from the Baroque period in Spain, but it is his guitar music which has given him the most attention. He wrote three collections of pieces as an Instruction for guitar and they include about 90 pieces which are part of the guitar repertory.

The Suite Espanola has become popular as a performance piece in the modern guitar world. It contains numerous movements of which Canarios is one of the most popular. Many guitar concerts include a selection of these wonderful dance movements:

1 Espanoletas

1. Gallarda y villano
2. Danza de las hachas
3. Rujero y paradetas
4. Zarabanda al ayre espanol
5. Passacalle de la cavalleria de Napoles
6. Folias
7. La Minona de Cataluna
8. Canarios

Canarios is written in 6/8 and explores the unique relation to 3/4 and how the accents can be manipulated so cleverly. It is a brilliant piece which can enrich your classroom with many teaching points.
Gaspar Sanz lived from ca.1640-1710. He was a leading composer of music from the Baroque period in Spain, but it is his guitar music which has given him the most attention. He wrote three collections of pieces as an Instruction for guitar and they include about 90 pieces which are part of the guitar repertory. The Suite Espanola has become popular as a performance piece in the modern guitar world. It contains numerous movements of which Canarios is one of the most popular. Many guitar concerts include a selection of these wonderful dance movements: 1 Espanoletas Gallarda y villano Danza de las hachas Rujero y paradetas Zarabanda al ayre espanol Passacalle de la cavalleria de Napoles Folias La Minona de Cataluna Canarios Canarios is written in 6/8 and explores the unique relation to 3/4 and how the accents can be manipulated so cleverly. It is a brilliant piece which can enrich your classroom with many teaching points.
Gaspar Sanz lived from ca.1640–1710. He was a leading composer of music from the Baroque period in Spain, but it is his guitar music which has given him the most attention. He wrote three collections of pieces as an Instruction for guitar and they include about 90 pieces which are part of the guitar repertory.The Suite Espanola has become popular as a performance piece in the modern guitar world. It contains numerous movements of which Canarios is one of the most popular. Many guitar concerts include a selection of these wonderful dance movements:    1 Españoletas Gallarda y villano Danza de las hachas Rujero y paradetas Zarabanda al ayre español Passacalle de la cavalleria de Napoles Folias La Miñona de Cataluña Canarios Canarios is written in 6/8 and explores the unique relation to 3/4 and how the accents can be manipulated so cleverly. It is a brilliant piece which can enrich your classroom with many teaching points.

About Carl Fischer Concert String Orchestra Series

Thi s series of pieces (Grade 3 and higher) is designed for advancing ensembles. The pieces in this series are characterized by:

• Expanded use of rhythms, ranges and keys but technical demands are still carefully considered
• More comprehensive bowing techniques
• Viola T.C. included
• Careful selection of keys and degree of difficulty for advancing musicians

Orchestra Cello, Contrabass, Piano, Viola, Violin 1, Violin 2, Violin 3 - Grade 3

SKU: CF.CAS114

Suite from Española. Composed by Gaspar Sanz. Arranged by Deborah Baker Monday. Concert String Orchestra (CAS). Set of Score and Parts. With Standard notation. 16+4+16+10+10+10+4+12 pages. Duration 2 minutes, 13 seconds. Carl Fischer Music #CAS114. Published by Carl Fischer Music (CF.CAS114).

ISBN 9781491151334. UPC: 680160908837. 9 x 12 inches. Key: D major.

Canarios is a movement taken from the Suite Espanola for guitar by Gaspar Sanz, a leading composer of Spanish Baroque music.? Deborah Baker Monday presents this delightful arrangement in D major which engages all sections of the ensemble in the interplay between 6/8 and 3/4.? The rich and resonant texture makes this piece a great concert or festival selection.

Gaspar Sanz lived from ca.16401710. He was a leading composer of music from the Baroque period in Spain, but it is his guitar music which has given him the most attention. He wrote three collections of pieces as an Instruction for guitar and they include about 90 pieces which are part of the guitar repertory.

The Suite Espanola has become popular as a performance piece in the modern guitar world. It contains numerous movements of which Canarios is one of the most popular. Many guitar concerts include a selection of these wonderful dance movements:

1 Espanoletas

1. Gallarda y villano
2. Danza de las hachas
3. Rujero y paradetas
4. Zarabanda al ayre espanol
5. Passacalle de la cavalleria de Napoles
6. Folias
7. La Minona de Cataluna
8. Canarios

Canarios is written in 6/8 and explores the unique relation to 3/4 and how the accents can be manipulated so cleverly. It is a brilliant piece which can enrich your classroom with many teaching points.

Gaspar Sanz lived from ca.1640a1710. He was a leading composer of music from the Baroque period in Spain, but it is his guitar music which has given him the most attention. He wrote three collections of pieces as an Instruction for guitar and they include about 90 pieces which are part of the guitar repertory.

The Suite Espanola has become popular as a performance piece in the modern guitar world. It contains numerous movements of which Canarios is one of the most popular. Many guitar concerts include a selection of these wonderful dance movements:

A A 1 EspaA+-oletas

1. Gallarda y villano
2. Danza de las hachas
3. Rujero y paradetas
4. Zarabanda al ayre espaA+-ol
5. Passacalle de la cavalleria de Napoles
6. Folias
7. La MiA+-ona de CataluA+-a
8. Canarios

Canarios is written in 6/8 and explores the unique relation to 3/4 and how the accents can be manipulated so cleverly. It is a brilliant piece which can enrich your classroom with many teaching points.

Gaspar Sanz lived from ca.1640a1710. He was a leading composer of music from the Baroque period in Spain, but it is his guitar music which has given him the most attention. He wrote three collections of pieces as an Instruction for guitar and they include about 90 pieces which are part of the guitar repertory.

The Suite Espanola has become popular as a performance piece in the modern guitar world. It contains numerous movements of which Canarios is one of the most popular. Many guitar concerts include a selection of these wonderful dance movements:

A A 1 EspaA+-oletas

1. Gallarda y villano
2. Danza de las hachas
3. Rujero y paradetas
4. Zarabanda al ayre espaA+-ol
5. Passacalle de la cavalleria de Napoles
6. Folias
7. La MiA+-ona de CataluA+-a
8. Canarios

Canarios is written in 6/8 and explores the unique relation to 3/4 and how the accents can be manipulated so cleverly. It is a brilliant piece which can enrich your classroom with many teaching points.

Gaspar Sanz lived from ca.1640-1710. He was a leading composer of music from the Baroque period in Spain, but it is his guitar music which has given him the most attention. He wrote three collections of pieces as an Instruction for guitar and they include about 90 pieces which are part of the guitar repertory.

The Suite Espanola has become popular as a performance piece in the modern guitar world. It contains numerous movements of which Canarios is one of the most popular. Many guitar concerts include a selection of these wonderful dance movements:

1 Espanoletas

1. Gallarda y villano
2. Danza de las hachas
3. Rujero y paradetas
4. Zarabanda al ayre espanol
5. Passacalle de la cavalleria de Napoles
6. Folias
7. La Minona de Cataluna
8. Canarios

Canarios is written in 6/8 and explores the unique relation to 3/4 and how the accents can be manipulated so cleverly. It is a brilliant piece which can enrich your classroom with many teaching points.
Gaspar Sanz lived from ca.1640-1710. He was a leading composer of music from the Baroque period in Spain, but it is his guitar music which has given him the most attention. He wrote three collections of pieces as an Instruction for guitar and they include about 90 pieces which are part of the guitar repertory. The Suite Espanola has become popular as a performance piece in the modern guitar world. It contains numerous movements of which Canarios is one of the most popular. Many guitar concerts include a selection of these wonderful dance movements: 1 Espanoletas Gallarda y villano Danza de las hachas Rujero y paradetas Zarabanda al ayre espanol Passacalle de la cavalleria de Napoles Folias La Minona de Cataluna Canarios Canarios is written in 6/8 and explores the unique relation to 3/4 and how the accents can be manipulated so cleverly. It is a brilliant piece which can enrich your classroom with many teaching points.
Gaspar Sanz lived from ca.1640–1710. He was a leading composer of music from the Baroque period in Spain, but it is his guitar music which has given him the most attention. He wrote three collections of pieces as an Instruction for guitar and they include about 90 pieces which are part of the guitar repertory.The Suite Espanola has become popular as a performance piece in the modern guitar world. It contains numerous movements of which Canarios is one of the most popular. Many guitar concerts include a selection of these wonderful dance movements:    1 Españoletas Gallarda y villano Danza de las hachas Rujero y paradetas Zarabanda al ayre español Passacalle de la cavalleria de Napoles Folias La Miñona de Cataluña Canarios Canarios is written in 6/8 and explores the unique relation to 3/4 and how the accents can be manipulated so cleverly. It is a brilliant piece which can enrich your classroom with many teaching points.

About Carl Fischer Concert String Orchestra Series

Thi s series of pieces (Grade 3 and higher) is designed for advancing ensembles. The pieces in this series are characterized by:

• Expanded use of rhythms, ranges and keys but technical demands are still carefully considered
• More comprehensive bowing techniques
• Viola T.C. included
• Careful selection of keys and degree of difficulty for advancing musicians

Full orchestra Bassoon 1, Bassoon 2, Clarinet 1, Clarinet 2, Contrabass, Crash Cymbals, Flute 1, Flute 2, Glockenspiel, Harp, Horn 1, Horn 2, Horn 3, Oboe 2, Percussion 1, Percussion 2, Piccolo, Suspended Cymbal, Timpani, Trombone 1, Trombone 2, Trumpet 1 and more.

SKU: CF.SC88

Composed by William Grant Still. Full score. 32 pages. Duration 9 minutes, 20 seconds. Carl Fischer Music #SC88. Published by Carl Fischer Music (CF.SC88).

ISBN 9781491158845. UPC: 680160917563.

Willi am Grant Stillas catalog of works comprises over 200 pieces, including five symphonies, nine operas, four ballets and numerous works for chamber ensembles. He initially found employment as an oboist in pit orchestras in New York City, later as an arranger of popular music for various ensembles, including those by William C. Handy, James P. Johnson and Paul Whiteman. His career as a composer was launched with a performance in 1931 of his Symphony No. 1 aAfro-Americana by the Rochester Philharmonic, conducted by Howard Hanson, who would remain a life-long champion of Stillas orchestral works. By the 1950s the symphony had been performed in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and various European capitals. This notoriety earned Still a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1934, after which he moved to Los Angeles. He is credited as the first African-American to conduct a major orchestra (the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra), the first to have an opera performed by a major company (Troubled Island by the New York City Opera in 1949), and one of the first composers to write for radio, films and television. So numerous were his awards and accolades, including three Guggenheim Fellowships and a variety of honorary doctorates, that he was designated as the aDean of Afro-American Composers.a Still composed his Serenade for Orchestra in 1957 on a commission by the Great Falls High School in Great Falls, Montana. He later transcribed the work for a chamber ensemble of flute, clarinet, harp and strings. The piece reflects Stillas interest in American folk idioms, with conventional melodies and harmonies that nonetheless express a fresh and individual compositional voice.
William Grant Still's catalog of works comprises over 200 pieces, including five symphonies, nine operas, four ballets and numerous works for chamber ensembles. He initially found employment as an oboist in pit orchestras in New York City, later as an arranger of popular music for various ensembles, including those by William C. Handy, James P. Johnson and Paul Whiteman. His career as a composer was launched with a performance in 1931 of his Symphony No. 1 Afro-American by the Rochester Philharmonic, conducted by Howard Hanson, who would remain a life-long champion of Still's orchestral works. By the 1950s the symphony had been performed in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and various European capitals. This notoriety earned Still a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1934, after which he moved to Los Angeles. He is credited as the first African-American to conduct a major orchestra (the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra), the first to have an opera performed by a major company (Troubled Island by the New York City Opera in 1949), and one of the first composers to write for radio, films and television. So numerous were his awards and accolades, including three Guggenheim Fellowships and a variety of honorary doctorates, that he was designated as the Dean of Afro-American Composers. Still composed his Serenade for Orchestra in 1957 on a commission by the Great Falls High School in Great Falls, Montana. He later transcribed the work for a chamber ensemble of flute, clarinet, harp and strings. The piece reflects Still's interest in American folk idioms, with conventional melodies and harmonies that nonetheless express a fresh and individual compositional voice.
William Grant Still’s catalog of works comprises over 200 pieces, including five symphonies, nine operas, four ballets and numerous works for chamber ensembles. He initially found employment as an oboist in pit orchestras in New York City, later as an arranger of popular music for various ensembles, including those by William C. Handy, James P. Johnson and Paul Whiteman. His career as a composer was launched with a performance in 1931 of his Symphony No. 1 “Afro-American† by the Rochester Philharmonic, conducted by Howard Hanson, who would remain a life-long champion of Still’s orchestral works. By the 1950s the symphony had been performed in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and various European capitals.This notoriety earned Still a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1934, after which he moved to Los Angeles. He is credited as the first African-American to conduct a major orchestra (the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra), the first to have an opera performed by a major company (Troubled Island by the New York City Opera in 1949), and one of the first composers to write for radio, films and television. So numerous were his awards and accolades, including three Guggenheim Fellowships and a variety of honorary doctorates, that he was designated as the “Dean of Afro-American Composers.”Still composed his Serenade for Orchestra in 1957 on a commission by the Great Falls High School in Great Falls, Montana. He later transcribed the work for a chamber ensemble of flute, clarinet, harp and strings. The piece reflects Still’s interest in American folk idioms, with conventional melodies and harmonies that nonetheless express a fresh and individual compositional voice.

For String Orchestra. Composed by Ulysses Kay. Score. 16 pages. Carl Fischer Music #BE26. Published by Carl Fischer Music

Orchestra Bass Clarinet, Bassoon, Clarinet 1, Clarinet 2, Contrabass, Flute 1, Flute 2, Harp, Horn 1, Horn 2, Horn 3, Oboe, Percussion, Timpani, Trumpet 1, Trumpet 2, Trumpet 3, Viola, Violin 1, Violin 2, Violoncello

SKU: CF.SC89L

Seven Little Pieces. Composed by William Grant Still. Large Score. 36 pages. Duration 12 minutes. Carl Fischer Music #SC89L. Published by Carl Fischer Music (CF.SC89L).

William Grant Still’s catalog of works comprises over 200 pieces, including five symphonies, nine operas, four ballets and numerous works for chamber ensembles. He initially found employment as an oboist in pit orchestras in New York City, later as an arranger of popular music for various ensembles, including those by William C. Handy, James P. Johnson and Paul Whiteman. His career as a composer was launched with a performance in 1931 of his Symphony No. 1 “Afro-American† by the Rochester Philharmonic, conducted by Howard Hanson, who would remain a life-long champion of Still’s orchestral works. By the 1950s the symphony had been performed in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and various European capitals.This notoriety earned Still a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1934, after which he moved to Los Angeles. He is credited as the first African-American to conduct a major orchestra (the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra), the first to have an opera performed by a major company (Troubled Island by the New York City Opera in 1949), and one of the first composers to write for radio, films and television. So numerous were his awards and accolades, including three Guggenheim Fellowships and a variety of honorary doctorates, that he was designated as the “Dean of Afro-American Composers.”The “Black belt” refers to a region in the southern United States that was distinguished by the color of its fertile soil. It was an area whose rich economy was based on cotton and tobacco plantations that were controlled by rich white people and worked by poor black laborers. Still’s piece From the Black Belt from 1926 is presumably a musical representation of these laborers. He described its seven parts in the following ways: William Grant Still’s catalog of works comprises over 200 pieces, including five symphonies, nine operas, four ballets and numerous works for chamber ensembles. He initially found employment as an oboist in pit orchestras in New York City, later as an arranger of popular music for various ensembles, including those by William C. Handy, James P. Johnson and Paul Whiteman. His career as a composer was launched with a performance in 1931 of his Symphony No. 1 “Afro-American† by the Rochester Philharmonic, conducted by Howard Hanson, who would remain a life-long champion of Still’s orchestral works. By the 1950s the symphony had been performed in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and various European capitals.This notoriety earned Still a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1934, after which he moved to Los Angeles. He is credited as the first African-American to conduct a major orchestra (the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra), the first to have an opera performed by a major company (Troubled Island by the New York City Opera in 1949), and one of the first composers to write for radio, films and television. So numerous were his awards and accolades, including three Guggenheim Fellowships and a variety of honorary doctorates, that he was designated as the “Dean of Afro-American Composers.”The “Black belt” refers to a region in the southern United States that was distinguished by the color of its fertile soil. It was an area whose rich economy was based on cotton and tobacco plantations that were controlled by rich white people and worked by poor black laborers. Still’s piece From the Black Belt from 1926 is presumably a musical representation of these laborers. He described its seven parts in the following ways: Li’l Scamp If one were to base his judgment on the volume of sound, he would think this little fellow, who delights in playing childish pranks, a big scamp. But the aptness of the title is determined by the brevity of the piece rather than by the volume of sound. Honeysuckle A musical suggestion of the saccharine odor of the honeysuckle. Dance This title is self-explanatory. Brown GirlA tone picture of a lovely girl. Mah Bones Is Creakin’An old man, afflicted with rheumatism, complains loudly. BlueThe lament of a weary soul. Clap Yo’ Han’sThe participants in a game for children form a circle and clap their hands at intervals.